Exam 1 Flashcards

Question

what is flow control

Answer 1

Don't overwhelm the receiver requires knowledge of what the reciever can handle

Answer 2

Reliable transmission Sequence numbers ACK/NACK Resending lost/corrupted packets Timeouts to detect pack loss

Answer 3

Fast (very little overhead; send at whatever rate you want) Does support a little checksum analysis Requires implementing any other desired features on top

Answer 4

Use UDP when you need: ⚡ Low latency & fast transmission – No handshake, packets are sent immediately. ⚡ Minimal overhead – No retransmissions or flow control, reducing delay. ⚡ Tolerable data loss – Some packet loss does not break the application. Use TCP when you need: ✅ Reliable data transfer – Ensures all packets arrive in order and without errors. ✅ Error checking & correction – Automatically retransmits lost packets. ✅ Ordered data delivery – Maintains the correct sequence of packets. ✅ Connection-oriented communication – Uses a handshake (SYN-ACK-ACK) before data exchange. Summary: Use TCP when reliability is critical. Use UDP when speed and low latency matter more than reliability.

Answer 5

Root Top Level Domain Organization DNS

Answer 6

official contact of last resort by name servers that can not resolve name internet would not function without it

Answer 7

responsible for .com .org .net .edu etc and all top level country domains (.uk, .fr, .jp)

Answer 8

organization's own DNS server(s). Provides authoritative hostname to IP mappings for organization's named hosts

Answer 9

TCP sockets via {Src IP, Src Port, Dst IP, Dst Port}

Answer 10

UDP sockets via { Dst Port}

Answer 11

each call allocated its own band, can transmit at max rate of the narrow band [=========] [=========]

Answer 12

time divided into slots each call allocated periodic slot(s), can transmit at maximum rate of (wider) frequency band only during its time slot [ || || || || ]

Answer 13

Packet switching is a method of transmitting data in which messages are broken into small packets before being sent across a network. Each packet is transmitted independently and may take different routes to reach its destination, where they are reassembled in the correct order. ✅ Efficient use of network resources – Packets can take the least congested path. ✅ Scalability – Works well for large, distributed networks like the Internet. ✅ Fault tolerance – If a route fails, packets can be rerouted dynamically. ✅ Supports multiple users simultaneously – Different packets from various sources can share the same network infrastructure.

Answer 14

Circuit switching is a method of communication where a dedicated communication path is established between two devices for the duration of the session. This path remains reserved and exclusive, ensuring a continuous and ordered data flow. ✅ Guaranteed bandwidth – Since the path is dedicated, bandwidth remains constant. ✅ Low latency & no packet loss – No congestion since the path is exclusive. ✅ Ordered delivery – Data always arrives in sequence, making reordering unnecessary. ❌ Inefficient resource usage – Even during silence, the circuit remains occupied. ❌ Slow setup time – Establishing the connection takes time before communication begins. Circuit switching is ideal for applications requiring continuous, real-time communication, such as voice calls, while packet switching is more efficient for data transmission over shared networks like the Internet.

Answer 15

sequence numbers and flow control capabilities

Exam 1 Flashcards

(39 cards)