Exam 1

Question 1

law of conservation of mass

Answer 1

total mass remains constant during chemical change/ reaction
mass is never created or destroyed

Question 2

physical change

Answer 2

change in form of matter but not chemical identity
usually reversible
no new compounds

Question 3

Chemical change

Answer 3

one or more kinds of matter are transformed into a new kind or several new kinds of matter

Question 4

Substance

Answer 4

kind of matter that cannot be seperated into other kinds of matter by any physical process

Question 5

element

Answer 5

substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by any chemical reaction
same atomic number
composition corresponds to only one symbol on periodic table

Question 6

compound

Answer 6

substance of 2 or more elements chemically combined

Question 7

mixture

Answer 7

material that can be separated by physical means into 2 or more substances

Question 8

precision

Answer 8

reproducibility

Question 9

accuracy

Answer 9

closeness to true value

Question 10

All digits except zeros at beginning or end of figure

Answer 10

significant

Question 11

terminal zeros at right of decimal point

Answer 11

significant

Question 12

terminal zeros in number without decimal point

Answer 12

may or may not be significant

Question 13

all nonzeros

Answer 13

significant

Question 14

zeros between sig figs

Answer 14

significant

Question 15

zeros to the right of decimal after nonzero

Answer 15

significant

Question 16

mega

Answer 16

10^6

Question 17

kilo

Answer 17

10^3

Question 18

deci

Answer 18

10^-1

Question 19

centi

Answer 19

10^-2

Question 20

milli

Answer 20

10^-3

Question 21

micro

Answer 21

10^-6

Question 22

nano

Answer 22

10^-9

Question 23

pico

Answer 23

10^-12

Question 24

density

Answer 24

mass/volume

Question 25

volume

Answer 25

mass/density

Question 26

when multiplying or dividing use

Answer 26

lowest number of sig figs

Question 27

when adding or subtracting use

Answer 27

least number of decimal places

Question 28

Daltons atomic theory

Answer 28

- elements consist of indivisible parts called atoms - an element is a type of matter of only one kind of atom, each atom having the same properties and mass - compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine in small whole number ratios - chemical reactions only involve the rearrangement of atoms present in the reacting substances to give new chemical reactions present in the substances formed in the reaction

Question 29

law of multiple proportions

Answer 29

if two elements form more than one compound, the ratios of the masses of the second element to a fixed mass of the first element will be in small whole number ratios

Question 30

law of definite proportions

Answer 30

a pure compound, regardless of its source, always contains constant proportions of the elements by mass

Question 31

JJ Thompson

Answer 31

- atoms are not indivisible particles - cathode rat comprised of beam of negatively charged particles (electrons) - all matter contains electrons - determines ratio of charge to mass

Question 32

cathode ray is

Answer 32

stream of negatively charged particles (electrons) - deflected by magnetic and electric feilds

Question 33

cathode ray attracted to

Answer 33

positive end and repelled by negative end

Question 34

Milikan

Answer 34

determines charge of an electron with oil drop experiment

Question 35

Bequerel

Answer 35

uranium emits rays similar to x rays

Question 36

Marie Curie

Answer 36

3 types of rays: alpha, beta, gamma use alpha particles to see what is inside matter

Question 37

Rutherford

Answer 37

nuclear structure of atom laws of radioactive decay

Question 38

Gold Foil Experiment

Answer 38

- positively charged alpha particles bombard foil - most pass through, some scattered - 99.5% of atoms mass is in the positively charged nucleus

Question 39

Nucleus charge

Answer 39

positive

Question 40

Electron charge

Answer 40

negative

Question 41

proton

Answer 41

positive charge equal to electrons

Question 42

atomic number

Answer 42

number of protons

Question 43

mass number

Answer 43

protons + neutrons

Question 44

Isotopes

Answer 44

same atomic number (protons) different mass number (neutrons)

Question 45

neutron charge

Answer 45

no charge

Question 46

fractional abundance

Answer 46

fraction of total number of atoms composed of a particular isotope

Question 47

finding average atomic weight

Answer 47

1. multiple isotopes mass (amu) by fractional abundance 2. sum the products

Question 48

horizontal row

Answer 48

period

Question 49

vertical column

Answer 49

group

Question 50

elements with similar properties in same

Answer 50

group

Question 51

Ionic

Answer 51

electrically charged particle from an atom or group of atoms by adding or removing an electron - contain equal numbers of positive and negative charges - metals tend to loose electrons, nonmetals tend to gain electrons

Question 52

Anion

Answer 52

negative charge, gains electrons - add -ide when naming

Question 53

cation

Answer 53

positive charge, looses electrons - add "ion" when naming

Question 54

ionic compounds

Answer 54

composed of cations and anions, attraction of positive and negative charges hold ions in constant arrangement called a crystal

Question 55

formula unit

Answer 55

group of atoms explicitly symbolized in formula

Question 56

organic compounds

Answer 56

comprised of carbon + other elements

Question 57

functional group

Answer 57

reactive part of molecule that undergoes predictable reactions

Question 58

alcohol

Answer 58

-OH

Question 59

Ether

Answer 59

-O-

Question 60

carboxylic acid

Answer 60

-COOH

Question 61

main group elements charge

Answer 61

equal to group number

Question 62

metallic elements with high atomic number charge

Answer 62

group number -2

Question 63

main group non-metallic elements charge

Answer 63

group -8

Question 64

cation with higher charge

Answer 64

-ic

Question 65

cation with lower charge

Answer 65

-ous

Question 66

anions naming

Answer 66

element + -ide

Question 67

polyatomic ions

Answer 67

2 or more atoms chemically bonded together carrying a net charge

Question 68

PO4 ^3-

Answer 68

phosphate

Question 69

CO3 ^2-

Answer 69

carbonate

Question 70

SO4^2-

Answer 70

sulfate

Question 71

SO3^2-

Answer 71

sulfite

Question 72

OH

Answer 72

hydroxide

Question 73

CN-

Answer 73

cyanide

Question 74

O2^2-

Answer 74

peroxide

Question 75

CLO-

Answer 75

hypochlorite

Question 76

CLO2-

Answer 76

chlorite

Question 77

CLO3-

Answer 77

chlorate

Question 78

CLO4-

Answer 78

perchlorate

Question 79

C2H3O^2

Answer 79

acetate

Question 80

C2O4^2-

Answer 80

oxalate

Question 81

CrO4^2-

Answer 81

chromate

Question 82

NO3-

Answer 82

nitrate

Question 83

NO2-

Answer 83

nitrite

Question 84

NH4+

Answer 84

ammonium

Question 85

Binary molecular compounds

Answer 85

- only 2 elements - metal + nonmetal - usually ionic (name as ionic compound)

Question 86

Naming acids from anions

Answer 86

ate to ic ite to ous add "acid"