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OT 510 > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

Occupation is….

A
  1. The ordinary and familiar things that people do every day
  2. Engagement in self-initiated, self-directed, adaptive, purposeful, culturally relevant, organized activity
  3. The daily living tasks that are part of an individual’s lifestyle
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2
Q

Occupation is influenced by a variety of contexts:

A
  1. Cultural
  2. Physical
  3. Social
  4. Temporal
    Occupation changed throughout a life span
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3
Q

Define Occupational Therapy

A

A healthcare profession that seeks to improve the quality of
life for individuals who are experiencing or are at risk for
physical, cognitive, mental or psychosocial impairments.

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4
Q

What is the purpose of Occupation?

A

Through occupation, people explore
their environments and learn about
their physical, cognitive, and
emotional abilities
Occupation helps people organize
their lives, discover meaning
(purpose), and develop a sense of
competence and mastery over the
environment
People develop and maintain health
and well-being by engaging in
occupation

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5
Q

What personality traits make a good OT?

A

Client Centered
Good listener
Consider strengths and deficits
Empathetic
Caring person
Good interpersonal and communication skills

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6
Q

OTs use occupation to…

A

prevent, develop, restore or improve a client’s functional status

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7
Q

What are the main areas of occupation that OTs focus on?

A

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), Work, Education, Play/Leisure, Social Participation, Health Management, Sleep/Rest.

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8
Q

Who are the people served by OT?

A

Individuals of all ages with physical, cognitive, psychological, or psychosocial problems due to trauma, disease, conflict, stress, developmental delays, or congenital problems.

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9
Q

Settings (5 of them)

A
  1. Hospitals
  2. Clinics
  3. Schools
  4. Homes
  5. Community centers
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10
Q

What are the guiding principles of OT? (There’s 3 of them)

A

Client-centered Practice, Occupation-based Practice, Evidence-based Practice.

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11
Q

Client-Centered Practice

A

The client determines what is meaningful and important for therapy

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12
Q

Occupation-based Practice

A

Separates us from other allied health professionals. We use occupation as an end as well as a means.

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13
Q

Evidence-based Practice

A

The use of research to guide clinical reasoning.

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14
Q

What is the definition of occupation according to Clark et al. (1991)?

A

The ordinary and familiar things that people do every day.”

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15
Q

What is the “Heart” of OT?

A

The focus on meaningful engagement in occupations that enhance health and well-being.

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16
Q

Why is important for us
to understand history?

A

Understand the past and how the profession originated and developed

Gain knowledge to investigate, challenge and transform current practice

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17
Q

What are the two major threads

A
  1. Social Determinants of Health
  2. The People of the Profession
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18
Q

History

A

Early 1900s/The Early Beginnings: Occupational therapy was just being conceptualized
1900-1920, Founding Years: Inception of OT with National Society for the Promotion of OT—the end of Moral Treatment and start of the Medical Model of practice
1920-1940, Early Growth and Development: American Occupational Therapy Association was formed
1940-1960, Post-War Expansion
1960-1980, Professionalization and Advocacy: Re-evaluation of the
profession and new theories generated
1980-1990: Modernization and Globalization Occupational science
was formally initiated
2000-Present, Digital Age and New Frontiers

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19
Q

Important people

A

William Rush Dunton- Father of OT, psychiatrist

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20
Q

Eleanor Clarke Slagle

A

—Mother of OT

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21
Q

George Edward Barton

A

leader of Arts & Crafts Movement, architect

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22
Q

Susan Cox Johnson

A

showed occupation can be positive for health, designer and arts and crafts teacher

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23
Q

Thomas Bessell Kidner

A

established OT in Voc. Rehab

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24
Q

Philippe Pinel

A

conceived Moral Treatment Movement

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25
Adolph Meyer
psychiatrist who developed philosophical basis of OT
26
WWI
provided a motivation to the concept of OT (crafts, habit training)
27
WII
provided more functional activities to enhance return to daily life; goal was rehab
28
Biomechanical Frame of Reference (FOR) emerged (Medical Model)
Therapeutic approach used in OT that addresses physical impairments like muscle strength, with goal of improving a person’s ability to perform occupuations/daily activities
29
Specialty areas that arise for OTs
Physical Disabilities and Pediatrics
30
Vision of profession through the years (3 of them)
1. Founding vision 2. Centennial Vision 3. Vision 2025
31
Founding Vision
“The advancement of occupation as a therapeutic measure; for the study of the effect of occupation upon the human being; and for the scientific dispensations of this knowledge."
32
Centennial Vision
“We envision that occupational is a powerful, widely recognized, science-driven, evidence-based profession with a globally connected and diverse workforce meeting society's occupational needs”
33
Vision 2025
As an inclusive profession, occupational therapy maximizes health, well-being, and quality of life for all people, populations, and communities through effective solutions that facilitate participation in everyday living.
34
Vision 2025 Pillars
1. Effective – Evidence-based, client-centered, cost-effective. 2. Leaders – OTs influence policies, environments, and complex systems. 3. Collaborative – OT excels in working with clients and systems for effective outcomes. 4. Accessible – OT provides culturally responsive and customized services. 5. Equity, Inclusion, and Diversity – OT is intentionally inclusive, equitable, and embraces diversity in all its forms.
35
Occupational Science
An academic discipline that offers support, reason, and scientific data that legitimizes the work that is done within that profession. 1989 – Occupational Science formally founded by Elizabeth Yerxa at the University of South Carolina
36
What is the focus on in occupational science (3 things)
Focus is on 1. Form 2. Function 3. Meaning
37
Form
Direct, observable aspects of occupation Objects & tools used Steps involved Environmental factors
38
Function (4 things)
Impact of occupation on: 1. Human Development 2. Health 3. Quality of Life 4. Adaptation
39
Meaning
Looks at how people think, feel, & experience what they do Generally discovered through qualitative measures such as interview Encompasses the personal & cultural significance of occupations Looks at how meaning influences choice Through occupation we develop our sense of competence, self-esteem & identity
40
OT Philosophy
the use of occupation to promote individual, family, community and population health is the core of OT practice, education, research, and advocacy (AOTA, 2017, p.1)
41
Entry Level OT Requirements
OTA - 2 years college, 4 months fieldwork Entry Level Masters: OT - MS/MA/MOT; 24 weeks fieldwork, thesis OTD - Doctor of Occupational Therapy
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Role of OT
Provides OT services: Evaluation, intervention, program planning, implementation, discharge.
43
OTA Role
Provides OT services under supervision of OT
44
OT Supervisor Role
Manages OTs in a practice
45
Fieldwork Educator Role
Manages Level 1 or II fieldwork in a practice setting
46
Administrator Role
Manages department, program or agency providing OT services
47
Educator Role
Teaches - provides education to students, etc.
48
Scholar/Researcher Role
Engages in research regarding the practice of OT; performs scholarly work of the profession.
49
Entrepreneur Role
Self-employed individuals who provide OT services
50
Faculty
Provides formal academic education
51
Academic Program Director
Manages the educational program for OTs or OTAs
52
Professional Development
Learning required to keep licensure. Board certification Specialty certification
53
Entry Level Practitioner
Responsible for and accountable in professional activities related to role.
54
Intermediate Level Practitioner
Increased Responsbilities and specialization in a particular area.
55
Advanced Practitioner
Expert resource in respective role. Refinement of specialized skills.
56
Direct Supervision
Therapist is nearby and observing at all times (students)
57
Close Supervision
Direct observation at worksite daily
58
Routine Supervision
Face to face contact at least once every two weeks. Could include telecommunication.
59
General Supervision
Face to face contact with supervising therapist at least once per month. Interim supervision as needed through telecommunication.
60
Multidisciplinary
VARIETY of disciplines in a common setting with no interaction between disciplines
61
Transdisciplinary
CROSSOVER of professional boundaries as shared roles/functions ◦ E.g. sometimes see this in early intervention due to complexity of children/family needs
62
Interdisciplinary
Common in current health care settings; team members maintain professional roles and COOPERATE while interacting to achieve goals or solve common problems ◦ E.g. team meetings, rounds, co-treat a client
63
Importance of Self Care
Caring for yourself. Need to care for self before caring for others.
64
Family Centered Care
Must listen to family wants/needs. Respect family, values, beliefs
65
HIPPAA
Confidentiality, protecting client health information
66
Areas of Occupation
67
5 Standards of Competency (knowledge, skills, attitudes needed to evaluate, treat, and manage clients while adhering to ethical guidelines and professional standards.
-OT Practice -Client-centered care -Clinical Reasoning -Professionalism -Ethical Practice
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OT would work one on one with a client, develop goals, and have little to no interaction between disciplines
Multidisciplinary
69
Interdisciplinary
Professionals collaborate/ coordinate care
70
Trans disciplinary
Roles overlap, work closely together, they’ve been nominated to be sort of the main therapist as in early intervention clients can’t handle multiple people
71
WFOT
Global voice for ot
72
Cultural sensitivity
having an understanding of another person's set of beliefs or values that is attributed to the person's ethnic or racial background
73
All but which reason allows for collaboration, goal setting, and treatment planning
Individual therapy allows for equitable treatment and allows for better reimbursement
74
Mary Weber case study
- 30 years old - successful - in Boston -a car accident with friend Sally and was left with a tbi (traumatic brain injury) -was a filmmaker but never returned to work -began having seizures that made anything but painting impossible -Anna Dean Scott is the ot -took her 20 years to recover enough to read/write. Gets 4-5 good hours a day -medication management focus
75
NBCOT Exam
National board certification occupational therapy
76
ACOTE
Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education- Purpose is to accredit OT educational programs/evaluate
77
AOTA
-NSPOT stood for National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy but later renamed American occupational therapy association -create an environment where people are able to share standards and ideas that might help OT services. Focuses on education, how they can improve and modify within occupation
78
Alex Case Study
- cerebral palsy, periventricular, leukomalacia -story told from 3 perspectives: Laurie (mom)- occupational therapist who was still overwhelmed by the diagnosis. Wanted Alex to be semi independent. He knew she would do it for him. Gave him a chore of cleaning the sink so he would feel dependable. Helped him with recreational activities before he did specialized ones. Lou (father)- felt useless as mom was an ot. Began drinking/pending less time at home. Taking everything as an insult. Made a wheelchair that helps Alex color by correcting his posture. Becomes an advocate for his family and others in early intervention program. Electronic network for families of special needs children. Alex- was convinced he was a werewolf when he was younger, lycanthropy (disability awareness). Wanted to think rationally and practically like a builder. Maine handicapped skiing he did since 6. Good at baseball in gym, goes to college close to home (Unh). Scooter helped, morning routine took longer. Fell off scooter once and a stranger helped him up. 504 plan with a note taker. His life requires a lot of planning. Feels comfortable at school.
79
Moral treatment
What is the term used to describe the philosophy that all people, even the most challenged, have a human right to compassion, consideration, and kindness?
80
Rehabilitation movement
81
Arts and crafts movement
82
Minnie May
Written by Donald M Murray who was her husband for 54 years. - diagnosed with Parkinson’s by her regular doctor at a check up like it was no big deal. They were confused and no one cleared it up for them. He prescribed a medicine that helped and then he wanted to prescribe another. Donald meets a neurologist at one of his speeches about his aging article. The neurologist explains everything and tells her not to take medicine bc it will cause damage to brain. They went with him until she couldn’t anymore. Minnie may was declining mentally bc she no longer had purpose. Dot Benson- started as a cleaning woman but helped their quality of life- took over what May used to do and what Donald no longer had the time to do because he was still writing. She’s therapist so when her other clients died Donald gave her a salary and upped her hours. He was accepting that Minnie May was in the early stages of dying. May was moved to a home and she hated it. Then she was moved to a smaller, closer one, that she was okay with bc she knew she needed to be there. She swore they gave her special attention. She was lucid and said no pills no water no food and died a few days later in her sleep. Donald died in 2007 he was Unh profession and he said “those of us caregivers will discover that we have strengths and skills which we aren’t aware”
83
Professional philosophy
- set of values, beliefs, truths and principles that guide education, practice and scholarship. Metaphysics, epistemology, and axiology- holistic approach not reductionistic
84
Cultural competence
One’s ability to be more sensitive to other’s culture
85
Culturally responsive care
Being aware/knowledgeable of cultures, applying cultural skills to practice
86
Culture
Customs, beliefs, activity patterns, behavioral standards accepted by society which the client is member of
87
COTAD
Therapy advocates for diversity JEDI (justice, equity, diversity, inclusion)
88
Sexual orientation is not a a socioeconomic barrier on its own
89
PEO Model
Person environment occupation
90
Occupation as a means
Use of a specific occupation to bring about a change in clients performance
91
Occupation as an end
The desired outcome or product of intervention- performance of a task that client deemed important Ex: making lunch for a family of 3 (they want to be able to cook or make lunch for their families at the end)
92
What ways can an OT Practitioner become more closely censored?
93
ADL
Bathing, showering, dressing, eating toilet, Hygiene
94
IADL
Cooking/meal prep, driving/ public transportation, shopping for groceries or clothing, house keeping, taking care of pets, medication management
95
Core value of OT profession
Altruism, freedom, justice
96
Mobility first
Doing better than your parents
97
Socioeconomic status
Occupational, education, income achievements by individuals or groups
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AOTF
(American Occupational therapy foundation) They support our research. Scientific, educational organization. Organization that serves the public interest by supporting OT research

OT 510 (1 decks)

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