Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

theories of personality > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Alloport’s definition of personality

A

something real in individual leading to characteristic thoughts and behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rogers definition of personality

A

organized, consistent pattern of “I”/ “me” at base of experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Skinner definition of personality

A

term “personality” is unnecessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Freud definition of personality

A

personality is unconscious, unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

7 theoretical approaches

A

1: psychoanalytic (unconscious)
2: trait (continuum of behaviors)
3: biological (genetic predispositions, physio process)
4: Behavioral/social learning (conditioning & expectations)
5. cognitive (thinking)
6. humanistic (personal responsibility & self-acceptance)
7. zen/mindfulness (awareness, mindfulness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

philosophical assumptions

A

explore what does it mean to be a person & the theory around it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

scientists

A

-develop a workable set of hypotheses
-focus on data
-goal: to understand human behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

artists

A

-apply what is known about people/behavior
-to foster a better life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

basic philosophical assumptions

A
  1. freedom vs determinism
  2. heredity vs environmental
  3. uniqueness vs universality
  4. proactive vs reactive
  5. optimistic vs pessimistic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

some basic scientific statements

A

empirically-driven, test hypothesis, test-able

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

artistic applications

A

assessment- psychometric tests, projective tests
research- clinical approach, psychometric approach, experimental approach
-psychotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

4 criteria for evaluating philosophical statements

A

coherence- is it clear, logical
relevance- does it fit w/ and affect our view of reality
comprehensiveness- depth and scope
compellingness- are you convinced?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

5 criteria scientific statements

A

verifiability- capable of being confirmed/refuted, open to falsification
compatibility- does theory’s info fit w/ & build on prior infor?
predictive power
simplicity- accounts for behavior
usefulness- can we test the theory? does the theory help us in daily lives?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

evaluating artistic applications

A

goals:
scholarly: self-understanding (ex Freud)
ethical: change, grow, improve (ex. Roger’s work)
curative: most common association w therapy, symptom remissing (ex. Skinner, Ellis, Beck)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

John Watson

A

-pointed out that it is almost impossible to observe mental processes directly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

B.F Skinner

A

-took behaviorist position to its logical extreme
- because of Skinner’s influence, students of psychology rapidly discovered that they were engaged not in the study of the person, but in the study of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

macro theories of personality

A

seek to be global & which emphasize comprehension of the whole person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

micro theories of personality

A

resulted from specific research focused on limited aspects of human behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

freedom vs determinism

A

some theorists believe that individuals basically have control over their behaviors & motives behind them
others believe that human behavior is basically determined by internal or external forces over which individuals have no control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

heredity vs environment

A

theorists differ over whether inherited & inborn characteristics or factors in the environment have the more important influence on human behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

uniqueness vs universality

A

some theorists believe that each individual is unique & cannot be compared w others, others contend that people are basically very similar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

proactivity vs reactivity

A

proactive theories view human beings as acting on their initiative rather than simply reacting. The sources of behavior are perceived as lying within the individual who does more than just react to stimuli from the outside world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

optimism vs pessimism

Study These Flashcards
A

do significant changes in personality & behavior occur throughout the course of a lifetime? if an individual is motivated, can genuine changes be effected in personality: can we help others to change by restructuring their environment? some personality theories are decided more optimistic & hopeful than others concerning these possibilities

24
Q

4 criteria for evaluating philosophical assumptions

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. coherence: are the philosophical assumptions of a personality theory clear, logical & consistent, or are they riddled with contradictions & inconsistencies
  2. revelance: to be meaningful, philosophical assumption must have some bearing on our view of reality
  3. comprehensiveness: is the philosophical assumption “deep” enough? Does it cover what it intends to cover?
    4: compellingness: Does the assumption & is underlying philosophy convince you?
25
paradigm
model/concept of world that is shared by the members of a community & that governs their activities
26
3 criteria for evaluating scientific statements
1. verifiability: they must ultimately be based on empirical observation & theory behind them has to specify how they can be confirmed or refuted 2: open to falsification: as a scientist, personality theorist is required to indicate the conditions under which theoretical statements might be proven incorrect 3. usefulness: ability to generate info that can assist us in living
27
psychotherapy
Joseph Rychlak 3 major motives or goals scholary: considers therapy as a means of understanding the self ethical: considers therapy a means of helping the individual to change, improve, grow & better quality of life curative: aims directly at eliminating troublesome symptoms & subsituting more suitable behavior
28
Sigmund Freud
view was deterministic ultimate goal in life: to reduce tension recognized universality in human nature personality: determined by early childhood interaction believed psychoanalysis can create free will
29
psychoanalysis
began w Anna O -brewer's patient -had hysteria -used hypnosis & talking method
30
Freud's model of the mind
1. conscious -what we are aware of 2. unconscious -what we are unaware of 3. preconscious -what we are barely aware of
31
dream analysis
1. Describe Manifest content -as it is remembered -nonsensical, fantastic -disguised wishes/desires 2. Analyze Latent meaning - underlying "true" meaning - examine symbols
32
Freudian Slips
1. errors in speech: -slips of the tongue -reveals unconscious, the true content of our thoughts -often sexual, aggressive 2. Errors in action -slips of the pen 3. Errors in memory -memory lapse -forget name
33
the id
-basic drives, needs, wishes, impulses -primitive, animalistic -pleasure principle
34
ego
-rational -executive branch -reality principle: buffer between id & outside world (reality); redirects, delays id's needs/wishes
35
superego
-judicial branch = conscience -strives of perfection -represents an ideal -internalized values (parents, society)
36
Jung
contributions: word association became a standard projective technique -influenced future theorists -first to emphasize role of future in determining behavior -criticism: concepts too difficult to understand
37
Jung vs Freud
-originally Freud's "heir" -disagreed on: Jung believed psychic energy included (but not restricted) sexuality Jung: people shaped by future & past Jung: explored unconscious further to include the inherited experiences of humans
38
common archetypes
1. persona: social role; mask; over-reliance; lack identity 2. shadow: side we push away deny, unsocial thoughts 3. anima: feminine side of male psyche 4. animus: masculine side of female psyche 5. self: central archetype, true midpoint, of personality, symbols of self
39
Myers-Briggs
sorts people into: -extraversion/intraversion -sensing/intuition -thinking/feeling -judgement/perception
40
Alfred Adler
-fear of death -studied medicine -developed individual psychology
41
parental influence
1. pampering: too much attention, over-protective, robs child of independence, as adult: difficulty making decisions, coping 2: neglect: too little attention, as adult: cold, suspicious
42
style of life
-unique way we each cope w environment & develop superiority -set by age 5 -influenced by: family constellation (birth order), family atmosphere
43
Mistaken Styles
1. Ruling/ Dominant type- aggressive, dominating, little social interest 2. Dependent type- take (vs give) 3. Avoiding type- escape from life's problems/avoids failure, no social interest
44
fictional finalisms
-orientations towards a goal that lies in future -can be healthy/unhealthy, can't be tested ex: "good to be honest" - can't be tested, thus fictional finalism
45
Alderian Psychotherapy
neuroses= unrealistic life goals, don't take into account for our limitations, abilities, environment therapy goals: establish rapport, point out errors in patient's lifestyle, provide insight into present condition
46
3 types of coping strategies or primary modes of relating
-moving toward (compliance) -moving against (hostility) -moving away (detachment)
47
coping strategies lead to 3 basic orientation toward life:
-self-effacing solution (appeal to be loved) -self-expansive solution (attempt at mastery) -resignation solution (desire to be free of others)
48
feminine psychology (Karen Horney)
-psychological theory that focuses on women's experiences -disagreed w/ Freud's "penis envy", was not about phallus but power/superior status in society -womb envy: women have a superior role in sexual life due to ability to bear & nurse children; men experience intense envy
49
trust vs mistrust (0-1)
-infants dependent on caregivers -if needs are met: basic trust -healthy outcome= hope -believe wishes will be satisfied
50
autonomy vs shame & doubt (2-3)
-control over body -attempts at autonomy -if not allowed to explore/ to exercise control: shame & doubt -healthy outcome: will (power)
51
intiative vs guilt (3-5)
-intrusive mode: intrude into space/ others -curious -learn how to work/ play w others -excessive punishment, discouragement: guilt -healthy outcome: purpose
52
industry vs inferiority (6-11)
-school aged -expected to master skills -if encouraged & reinforced: industry, confidence -if overly criticized: inferiority, compare self w others -healthy outcome: competence
53
identity vs role confusion
-time of growth (physical, psych, cognitive) -ask self: "who am i?" -if explore this and can answer: identity, coherent individuality -if can't answer this: Role confusion, identity crisis, negative identity -healthy outcome= fidelity, faithful to an ideology
54
intimacy vs isolation (18-24)
-Freud's "to love & to work" -ability to develop close, meaningful relationship -if overcome fear of ego loss: intimacy, typically involve marriage/ commitment -balance connection to other w/ work productivity -if self-absorbed, unable to develop close ties: isolation, have superficial relationships, lack closeness they seek -healthy outcome: love
55
generativity vs stagnation (25-64)
-middle years -potential time of productivity & creativity -if feel make contribution: generativity -if not actively contributing: stagnation, boredom healthy outcome: care
56
ego integrity vs despair (65-)
-old age -reflecting one's life -aware of death if reflect w satisfaction: ego integrity, accept unfulfilled dreams, don't fear death if regret missed opportunities: despair, bitterness, fear of death -healthy outcome: wisdom
57
psychohistories
examined lives of significant historical figures & explored contribution of culture & history of personality (Erikson)

theories of personality (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions