Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Sociology 110 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is sociology?

A

The field of study concerned with the social world. They look at the social world through the eyes of a stranger or an alien

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does it mean to say that sociology is both a science and a tool for social reform?

A

They are social scientists who use the scientific method to try and answer questions about the social world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a public sociologist

A

sociologists who seek to use sociology do some good or work on the behalf of the public

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the sociological imagination?

A

To understand the world or answer its questions, we must first understand the life or psychology of the individual but also the structures and historical context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does it mean to look at the world “Like a stranger?”

A

Look at the social world through the eyes of a stranger or an alien

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the quote “neither the life of an individual nor the history of a society can be understood without understanding both” mean?

A

You must understand the life or psychology of the individual but also the structures, both work together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three levels of sociological analysis?

A

Macro, Meso (organizations, groups, communities), Micro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is anomie?

A

Normlessness, i.e., few/weak social connections, alienations and loss of purpose from from increased pace of change. This is less likely when a code of ethics is followed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between a correlation and a causation? How often would you say that sociologists determine causality?

A

Correlation does not infer causation. Almost never

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What kind of research do sociologists do?

A

Qualitative (Interviews, observations), Quantitative (Experiments, survey data, meta-analysis), or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the difference between a normative and an empirical statement?

A

Normative: Contain value-based, subjective judgements that cannot be tested/proven

Empirical: What is in the social world, without evaluating it or placing a value judgment on them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Relationship between normative and empirical statements

A

Empirical can be used to support normative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Major ethical issues discussed

A

Criminalization of gay people, nazi experiments, involuntary sterilization of minorities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does it mean if something is socially constructed?

A

The process by which a concept or practice does not exist in objective reality, but exists only as a product of human interaction. It’s created and maintained by participants, who collectively agree that it exists. Influenced by power and social position.
Ex. Laws only have power because we give them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is culture?

A

The ideas values, practices, and material objects that allow a group of people to carry out their collective lives in relative order and harmony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are values?

A

General and abstract standards defining what a group or society as a whole considers good, desirable, right, or important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are norms?

A

Informal rules based on values that guide what people do and how they live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are Folkways and Mores?

A

Unimportant norms and more important norms that have more severe sanctions when violated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is material culture?

A

artifacts in which culture is reflected or manifested (tangible things like clothing or objects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is symbolic culture?

A

Nonmaterial, intangible aspects of culture (language, behaviors)

Eg. Hand gestures while driving, tongues/accent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do cultures change?

A

Changes in average age, gender, race, and other demographic composition

Can also be affected by external changes like in tech and laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ideal culture

A

Norms and value that the people within that group expect the group to have

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Real culture

A

How people within a group/culture actually behave. Usually differs significantly from cultural ideals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Counterculture

Study These Flashcards
A

Openly rejects or actively opposes society’s values and norms. Depends on the norms and values of the dominant culture, which depends on the social, historical, and political context of the situation.

24
Subculture
Group of people that largely accepts the dominant culture, but has its own set of values and norms, practices, and beliefs
25
Dominant Culture
Values, norms, and practices within a society that is most powerful (wealth, prestige, status, influence, etc.)
26
Which of the following is an example of a social construct? A) Gravity B) Money C) Water D) Oxygen
B) Money
27
True or False: Gender roles are an example of a social construct.
True
28
Fill in the blank: _______ is a social construct that defines the expectations and behaviors associated with being male or female.
Gender
29
List two elements of culture.
Language and customs.
30
Nature vs nuture
More modern belief that both our biology and our social interactions/socialization experiences work together to determine our individual human behavior
31
Symbolic interaction
1. We interact with things based on the meanings we ascribe to them 2. Meanings ascribed to things come from our interactions with others and society 3. The meanings of things are interpreted by a person when dealing with things in specific circumstances
32
Example of symbolic interaction
The perceived meaning of different social media posts in different cultures
33
What is the looking glass self
Our self is constructed within social settings. This is the theoretical idea that we develop a self-concept or self-image based on our perception of others Eg. You exist as a reflection of the cultures and people around you.
34
What is socialization?
The process by which an individual learns and generally comes to accept the ways of a group or society of which they are a part
35
What is dramaturgy
Social interactions are like dramatic performances that take place on a theoretical stage E.g. Front stage: The idealized, designed performance Back stage: The performance that is suppressed on the front stage
36
Manage ones impression
The process by which we try to maintain a certain image of ourselves. Face work i.e. saving face
37
What is the difference between status and role
Status: A persons position within a social system. Either ascribed or achieved. Neither good or bad Role: What is generally expected of a person according to your status
38
Difficulty of Roles
Role expectations: behaviors that are expected of us due to our statuses/roles, regardless of whether those statuses are achieved or ascribed Role conflict: Conflicting expectations associated with a given position
39
Agents of socialization
those who do socializing Parents, family, friends, media, education, consumer culture
40
Types of socialization
Primary: Lays the foundation for later personality development Anticipatory socialization: Teaches children what will be expected of them in the future Reverse socialization: Occurs when those who are normally being socialized are instead doing the socializing
41
Primary groups
Small, close-knit, and have intimate face-to-face interactions, membership within these groups is often long-lasting or permanent and has a strong influence on members identities E.g. Best friends
42
Secondary groups
Generally large and impersonal, with weaker social ties, membership within these groups is often temporary Friends you have in classes
43
in-group
a group to which people belong and identify
44
out-group
outsiders (from the perspective of the in-group) belong
45
reference group
A group that provides standards by which a person evaluates their own personal attributes
46
What is conformity?
Change certain aspects to that of the group with which they prefer to identify.
47
When a groups is said to be cohesive?
Individuals feel strongly tied to membership. Sharing values, social traits/demographics, etc. all contribute
48
groupthink is caused by to much of what?
Cohesion enforcing high conformity
49
What ultimately caused the Challenger space shuttle disaster on January 28, 1986?
groupthink concerning the O-rings after cold temperatures
50
Would most sociologists say that serial killers “born” or that they are “raised?”
Both. They have different anatomy but also different upbringings/socialization
51
What is social learning theory?
Cognitive (knowledge), behavioral (skills and practices), and environmental (norms, community, peer influence) factors. We learn from society how to commit crimes and also how not to commit it, depends on who your peers are e.g. pavlovs dogs
52
According to Erving Goffman, what is stigma?
A mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person
53
How can stigma affect our behavior?
More likely to exhibit “passing,” or hiding a trait because of the stigma surrounding it
54
What is a “master status?”
one of our statuses that seems to override all others in our identities
55
How can the roles associated with a master status transform into stereotyping?
Since the master status “overrides” all the other statuses, the role expectations for that status sometimes transcend to a judgment of a behavior that has yet to occur or a behavior that may never occur.
56
What is social stratification/social inequality?
members of a given society are categorized and divided into groups, which are then placed in a social hierarchy
57
Using the language associated with master statuses/intersectionality, what does it mean to be “privileged” or “oppressed?”
Refers to how various aspects of a person's identity (such as race, gender, class, sexuality, ability, etc.) interact to shape their social experiences and access to power. Intersectionality highlights that these identities do not exist in isolation — they overlap and combine to create unique experiences
58
Soft determinism
Assumes that there is some human agency - but ultimately, behavior is a product of environment

Sociology 110 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions