exam 1

Question 1

Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed?

Answer 1

Critical thinking, use of the scientific method, and critical evaluation of sources of information

Question 2

Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in…

Answer 2

Philosophy

Question 3

In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a…

Answer 3

Proposed explanation

Question 4

Which theorist would have been most likely to agree with this statement: Perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components

Answer 4

Max Wertheimer

Question 5

…is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs

Answer 5

Abraham Maslow

Question 6

Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and…in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems

Answer 6

Unconditional positive regard

Question 7

The operant conditioning chamber (aka…box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning

Answer 7

Skinner

Question 8

A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a…psychologist

Answer 8

Biologist

Question 9

An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a…

Answer 9

Personality

Question 10

In Milgram’s controversial study obedience, nearly…of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure

Answer 10

2/3

Question 11

A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as a…psychologist

Answer 11

I-O (Industry and Organizational)

Question 12

If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, they would probably need a…degree in psychology

Answer 12

PhD

Question 13

The…places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills

Answer 13

PsyD

Question 14

Which degree would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?

Answer 14

Bachelor’s degree

Question 15

One would need at least a…degree to serve as a school psychologist

Answer 15

Master’s

Question 16

Scientific hypotheses are…and falsifiable

Answer 16

Testable

Question 17

…are defined as observable realities

Answer 17

Facts

Question 18

Scientific knowledge is…

Answer 18

Empirical

Question 19

A major criticism of Freud’s early theories involves the fact that his theories…

Answer 19

were not testable

Question 20

Sigmund Freud developed his theory of human personality by conducting in-depth interviews over an extended period of time with a few clients. This type of research approach is known as a…

Answer 20

case study

Question 21

…involves observing behavior in individuals in their natural environments

Answer 21

Naturalistic observation

Question 22

The major limitation of case studies is…

Answer 22

the inability to generalize the findings from this approach to the larger population

Question 23

The benefit of naturalistic observation studies is…

Answer 23

the honesty of the data that is collected in a realistic setting

Question 24

Using existing records to try to answer a research question is known as…

Answer 24

Archival research

Question 25

...involves following a group of research participants for an extended period of time

Answer 25

Longitudinal research

Question 26

A...is a list of questions developed by a research that can be administered in paper form

Answer 26

survey

Question 27

Longitudinal research is complicated by high rates of...

Answer 27

attrition

Question 28

Height and weight are positively correlated. This means that...

Answer 28

as height increases, typically weight increases

Question 29

Which of the following coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?

Answer 29

-0.90

Question 30

Which statement best illustrates a negative correlation between the number of hours spent watching TV the week before an exam and the grade on that exam?

Answer 30

Students who watch more television perform more poorly on their exams

Question 31

The correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship when...

Answer 31

it is closest to 0

Question 32

...means that everyone in the population has the same likelihood of being asked to participate in the study

Answer 32

Random sampling

Question 33

The...is controlled by the experimenter, while the...represents the information collected and statistically analyzed by the experimenter

Answer 33

independent variable; dependent variable

Question 34

Researchers must...important concepts in their studies so others would have a clear understanding of exactly how those concepts were defined

Answer 34

operationalize

Question 35

Sometimes, researchers will administer a...to participants in the control group for the effects that participant might have on the experiment

Answer 35

placebo

Question 36

...is to animal research as...is to human research

Answer 36

IACUC; IRB

Question 37

Researchers might use...when providing participants with the full details of the experiment could skew their responses

Answer 37

deception

Question 38

A person's participation in research project must be...

Answer 38

voluntary

Question 39

Before participating in an experiment, individuals should read and sign the....form

Answer 39

informed consent

Question 40

A...is a sudden, permanent change in a sequence of DNA

Answer 40

mutation

Question 41

...refers to a person's genetic makeup, while...refers to a person's physical characteristics

Answer 41

genotype; phenotype

Question 42

...is the field of study that focuses on genes and their expression

Answer 42

Epigenetics

Question 43

Humans have...pairs of chromosomes

Answer 43

23

Question 44

The...receives incoming signals from other neurons

Answer 44

dendrites

Question 45

An...facilitates or mimics the activity of a given neurotransmitter system

Answer 45

agonist

Question 46

Multiple sclerosis involves a breakdown of the ...

Answer 46

myelin sheath

Question 47

An action potential involves Na+ moving...the cell and K+ moving...the cell

Answer 47

inside; outside

Question 48

Our ability to make our legs move as we walk across the room is controlled by the...nervous system

Answer 48

somatic

Question 49

If your...is activated, you will feel relatively at ease

Answer 49

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 50

The central nervous system is composed of...

Answer 50

the brain and spinal cord

Question 51

Sympathetic activation is associated with...

Answer 51

pupil dilation and increased heart rate

Question 52

The...is a sensory relay station where all sensory information, except for smell, goes before being sent to other areas of the brain for further processing

Answer 52

thalamus

Question 53

Damage to the...disrupts one's ability to comprehend language, but it leaves one's ability to produce words intact

Answer 53

wernicke's area

Question 54

The body's biological clock is located in the...

Answer 54

hypothalamus

Question 55

...occurs when there is a chronic deficiency in sleep

Answer 55

Sleep debt

Question 56

...cycles occur roughly once every 24 hours

Answer 56

Circadian

Question 57

...is one way in which people can help reset their biological clocks

Answer 57

Light-dark exposure

Question 58

Growth hormone is secreted by the...while we sleep

Answer 58

pituitary gland

Question 59

The...plays a role in controlling slow-wave sleep

Answer 59

hypothalamus and thalamus

Question 60

...is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays a role in regulating biological rhythms and immune function

Answer 60

Melatonin

Question 61

...appears to be especially important for enhanced performance on recently learned tasks

Answer 61

Slow wave sleep

Question 62

...are described as slow-wave sleep

Answer 62

Stage 3 and stage 4

Question 63

Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most often associated with...sleep

Answer 63

Stage 2

Question 64

Symptoms of...may be improved by REM deprivation

Answer 64

depression

Question 65

The...content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream

Answer 65

Latent

Question 66

...is loss of muscle tone or control that is often associated with narcolepsy

Answer 66

Cataplexy

Question 67

An individual may suffer from...if there is a disruption in the brain signals that are sent to the muscles that regulate breathing

Answer 67

central sleep apnea

Question 68

Research suggests that cognitive processes, such as learning, may be affected by...

Answer 68

mindful awareness

Question 69

The most common treatment for...involves the use of amphetamine-like medications

Answer 69

narcolepsy