Exam 1

Question 1

The cardiac sphincter is located

Answer 1

at the caudal end of the esophagus

Question 2

The stomach is connected to the abdominal wall by the

Answer 2

omentum

Question 3

The equine has a much larger and more utilized _____________ than other species.

Answer 3

Cecum

Question 4

What is the structure that covers the opening of the trachea when an animal is swallowing?

Answer 4

Epiglottis

Question 5

In ruminants, the ___________ is where the lower incisors can grind and crush food.

Answer 5

Dental pad

Question 6

Food in a semiliquid state that leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum is called

Answer 6

chyme

Question 7

Herbivores rely on ____________ for converting food into nutrients.

Answer 7

Fermentation chambers

Question 8

Another name for chewing is

Answer 8

mastication

Question 9

What are the forestomachs?

Answer 9

Reticulum, Rumen, Omasum

Question 10

What motility movement in the small intestine mixes the partially digested food but doesn’t move it toward the large intestine?

Answer 10

segmentation

Question 11

The part of the stomach that allows the stomach to expand to store food after a large meal is the

Answer 11

fundus

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the layers of tissue in the GI tract?

Answer 12

Omentum

Question 13

The pattern of muscle contraction that moves through the GI tract is called

Answer 13

peristalsis

Question 14

When the lower jaw moves laterally and rostrally the movement is called

Answer 14

translation

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT part of the large intestine.

Answer 15

Ileum

Question 16

The terminal part of the stomach that opens into the duodenum is the

Answer 16

pylorus

Question 17

What is the correct order of the parts of the small intestine, starting with the first part?

Answer 17

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 18

The most common immunoglobulin produced after an animal has been exposed to a pathogen for a long time (chronic exposure) is

Answer 18

IgG

Question 19

What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?

Answer 19

Redness, Heat, Pain, Swelling

Question 20

This type of hypersensitivity reaction can be associated with a severe allergic reaction from a second exposure to an antigen is

Answer 20

type I reaction

Question 21

Which specific type of immunity is involved in antibody production?

Answer 21

humoral immunity

Question 22

An animal’s first line of defense against potential disease-causing organisms is the

Answer 22

skin

Question 23

Natural killer cells are

Answer 23

part of both the innate and adaptive immune systems

Question 24

The innate immune system

Answer 24

is fast to respond to foreign invaders

Question 25

What type of cell will inhibit helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells?

Answer 25

regulatory T cells

Question 26

Transplacental antibody transfer from mother to fetus is an example of

Answer 26

passive immunity

Question 27

Where is MALT found?

Answer 27

Peyer's patches Adenoids Tonsils

Question 28

Which types of cells are phagocytic?

Answer 28

Monocytes Macrophages Neutrophils

Question 29

What are cytokines?

Answer 29

Signaling molecules responsible for cell movement

Question 30

In a) please identify what 9. is indicating. in b) please identify what 11. is indicating. In c) please identify what 13. is indicating.

Answer 30

a) Descending Duodenum b) Head of pancreas c) Jejunum

Question 31

A) Please identify what the BLUE box is indicating. B) Please identify what the YELLOW box is indicating

Answer 31

a) abomasum b) rumen

Question 32

What are numbers 1,6, and 2 referring to?

Answer 32

1. Gallbladder 6. Left Lateral lobe 2. Right Medial Lobe

Question 33

Identify the following:

Answer 33

9. Transverse Colon 7. Ileum 1. Liver 3. Duodenum 2.Stomach

Question 34

Identify the following:

Answer 34

3. Fundus 4. Greater Curvature 1. Esophagus 5. Body of the Stomach 8. Pylorus

Question 35

Please match the colored box with the item it is referring to.

Answer 35

Red: Left Dorsal Colon Yellow: Pyloric Flexure Green: Sternal Flexure Blue: Right Ventral Colon

Question 36

The first stage of catabolic metabolism occurs in the

Answer 36

Gastrointestinal tract

Question 37

Cholesterol is an example of what type of lipid?

Answer 37

Steroid

Question 38

Which of the following is an essential nutrient for cats?

Answer 38

Taurine

Question 39

Ruminant digestion of protein is facilitated by _____________.

Answer 39

Microbes

Question 40

What is catabolism?

Answer 40

Breaking down of nutrients into smaller molecules to produce energy

Question 41

Which of the following is not a category of a lipid?

Answer 41

Cellulose

Question 42

Which of the following is considered a micromineral?

Answer 42

Copper

Question 43

How are water soluble vitamins absorbed?

Answer 43

Through the gastrointestinal wall when water is absorbed

Question 44

What is the major cellular fuel for the body?

Answer 44

ATP

Question 45

Of the six categories of nutrients, which three produce energy when they are consumed?

Answer 45

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins