Exam 1

Question 1

Despite being raised in two very different environments, identical twins Tina and Gina receive similar score on a shyness scale. These results suggest that reaction range for shyness is

Answer 1

Small

Question 2

The research of Dr. Kayla Wahlstrom as sited in the book Nurture Shock found that

Answer 2

teens who receive A’s averaged fifteen more minutes of sleep than B students.

Question 3

Whose behavior best exemplifies eugenics?

Answer 3

Dr. Black, who allows only certain individuals to mate in an effort to build a master race.

Question 4

Linda has on allele for curly hair and another for straight hair. Linda alleles are

Answer 4

heterozygous

Question 5

infant mortality rate is defined as the percentage of infants who die

Answer 5

before their first birthday

Question 6

what should Dranko do when he is informed that his newborn son has PKU (phenylketonuria)?

Answer 6

dont panic, since despite being a genetic disorder, it can be controlled through proper diet.

Question 7

The that the embryonic head develops before the body illustrates the_ principle.

Answer 7

cephalocaudal

Question 8

which statement concerning in vitro fertilization is false?

Answer 8

about 90% of in vitro fertilization attempts are successful.

Question 9

at weeks after conception, a developing human is most accurately called a

Answer 9

embryo

Question 10

what effect is not associated with fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 10

blindness

Question 11

According to a 1999 study by Johns Hopkins University the elimination of Driver’s Education from nine school district’s curriculum resulted in:

Answer 11

27% drop in auto accidents among 16- and 17-year old.

Question 12

The fact that 6-month-olds will look for long periods of time at toys they previously had only been able to touch suggest that infants

Answer 12

are able to integrate visual and tactile information

Question 13

which best describes a newborn’s sense of smell?

Answer 13

highly developed

Question 14

what evidence do researchers have that you sound infants use sound to locate objects?

Answer 14

When they hear a sound, they attempt to look toward the source

Question 15

Jeffrey is a three-year-old who is beginning to make connections between people’s thoughts, intentions, and behaviors. According to Wellman, Jeffrey is developing

Answer 15

a theory of mind

Question 16

Evan is a normal subject in a self-awareness study who has just begun to recognize himself in mirrors and pictures. It is most likely that Evan is about_old.

Answer 16

18 Months

Question 17

Which child’s visual acuity visual would have recently matched that of a “20/20” visioned adults?

Answer 17

Stephanie, who is 1 year old

Question 18

(T/F) As reported in the book Nurture Shock a child’s inability too regulate impulsivity may result in lower IQ scores.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Newborns:

Answer 19

can perceive few colors.

Question 20

Infants:

Answer 20

produce a distinct “pain cry”

Question 21

Mia likes to kick soccer balls. She has developed a mental structure for kicking that may be applied to different situations. This mental structure for kicking would best be described as

Answer 21

a scheme

Question 22

which is legitimate criticism of Piaget’s theory?

Answer 22

not enough emphasis on sociocultural influences

Question 23

which number illustrates the fact that in English, numbers do not all follow a regular naming pattern, thus making learning to count more difficult in English than in other number systems?

Answer 23

11

Question 24

which would most likely be considered “mental software” be someone with an information-processing perspective?

Answer 24

experience-based problem- solving knowledge

Question 25

Donny's mother has just poured him and his sister Marie glasses of orange juice. After they are poured, Donny becomes very upset that he got less juice than his sister. Their mother points out that while Donny's glass is shorter, it is also wider, and thus both explain Donny's behavior as being the result of

Answer 25

centration

Question 26

Federer is trying to implement a scaffolding style into his teaching of tennis to Venus, who is having difficulty, and to Serena, who is doing very well. To do this, Federer must

Answer 26

give Venus more assistance & give Serena less

Question 27

Four-week-old Dixie appears to understand that when you push a cup over the edge of a table, the cup will fall to the ground. Such an understanding would provide support for the concept of

Answer 27

naive physics

Question 28

According researchers at the University of Washington, infants who watch "baby videos?"

Answer 28

have smaller vocablularies than those who don't watch the "baby videos."

Question 29

Pavlov's research involving a dog, salivation, and a bells is correctly associated with_theory.

Answer 29

classical conditioning

Question 30

Piaget described a scheme as a psychological structure that

Answer 30

organizes exprience

Question 31

Even though Brenda has never reinforced directly for doing so, she increased the frequency of her swearing after she saw her friend Elizabeth get a lot of attention after she swore. This is most likely an example of

Answer 31

observational learning

Question 32

which word is the best description of the meaning of the term "reliability?"

Answer 32

consistency

Question 33

since Dr. Kim takes a strong nature position concerning the origins of mental retardation, she would most likely hypothesize that her son's retardation is due to

Answer 33

her genes

Question 34

Sophia notices that children seem to mature socially much faster in Argentina than in the U.S. Sophia is most likely to support a _position regarding human development.

Answer 34

context-specific

Question 35

Julio is interested in studying how family relationships affects development. Julio probably most interested in studying _influences.

Answer 35

Socioculture

Question 36

the notion that development is best described in terms of series of abrupt shifts in behavior best fits with the _ approach.

Answer 36

discontinuity

Question 37

the basic premise of _ is that the consequences of a behavior determines the likelihood of the behavior being repeated in the future.

Answer 37

Operant conditioning

Question 38

When Dr. Bentley is asked to explain troubles adolescents, she says, "The only way to explain the problems of adolescents is to study them in relation to their parents and their culture that surrounds them." Dr. Bentley is most likely a proponent of _ theory.

Answer 38

ecological

Question 39

imitation is most closely related to the concept of

Answer 39

observational learning

Question 40

when Alfonso says, "it would have been tough to be a father at the age of 18, but being one at the age of 28 is super," he is noting the important role that _ factors play in human development.

Answer 40

life-cycle.

Question 41

Which is a legitimate criticism of Piaget's theory?

Answer 41

not enough emphasis on sociocultural influences

Question 42

According to Piaget, when a scheme is modified based on some experience, _ has occurred.

Answer 42

Accomodation

Question 43

Lotte is recovering from a serious accident that damaged her frontal cortex. which outcome is most likely?

Answer 43

Lotte's personality will be different

Question 44

Seven-month-old Gavin seems very content being held by his mother. When the neighbor from across the street comes over to greet Gavin, he turns his head away from the neighbor and starts to cry. What term best explains Gavin's response to the neighbor?

Answer 44

stranger wariness

Question 45

parents who incorporate _ intro their discipline are most likely to encourage altruistic behavior.

Answer 45

reasoning

Question 46

What would be an example of a fine motor skill?

Answer 46

feeding yourself

Question 47

According to research cited in Nurture Shock all of the following are true of role that persistence plays in development except:

Answer 47

It is developed through frequent rewards

Question 48

Which baby is most likely to be insecurely attached?

Answer 48

Jessica, whose parents tend to not respond to her crying

Question 49

Pavlov's research involving a dog, salivation, and a bell is correctly associated with _ theory.

Answer 49

classical conditioning

Question 50

the _ principle of counting states that there must be only number name for each item counted.

Answer 50

one-to-one

Question 51

Julio is interested in studying how family relationships affect development. Julio is probably most interested in studying _ influences.

Answer 51

sociocultural

Question 52

The fact that embryonic head develops before the body illustrates the _ Principle

Answer 52

Cephalocaudal

Question 53

Animism occurs when lifelike properties are attributed to

Answer 53

intimate objects

Question 54

which term does not not fit with the notion of "constricting" during play?

Answer 54

support

Question 55

One-year-old Chatava is not upset when her mother the room, and when her mother returns, Chatava turns away from her. Chatava is exhibiting _ attachment.

Answer 55

avoidvant

Question 56

Multidirectionality, plasticity, historical context, and multiple causation are all key features of the _ perspective.

Answer 56

life-span

Question 57

which best describes a basic cry?

Answer 57

starts softly and becomes more intense

Question 58

As a typical 2-year-old, Webster would have a vocabulary of

Answer 58

several hundred words

Question 59

how does a temperament contribute to attachment?

Answer 59

infants w/ difficult temperaments are less likely to form secure attachments

Question 60

_ occurs when an individual intentionally seeks out an environment that matches characteristics driven by their genes.

Answer 60

Niche-picking

Question 61

After learning that his newborns son's birth involved hypoxia, Sven would most likely ask:

Answer 61

"how long was the cord wrapped around his neck?"

Question 62

about how old will an infant be when it will be able to perceive the same colors as adults?

Answer 62

4 month old

Question 63

Following a prenatal exam, your physician remarks, "it appears as if your fetus has 47 chromosomes." what would be the most likely response to this information?

Answer 63

concern, as it many indicate that your child has down-syndrome.

Question 64

Prenatal development begins

Answer 64

at conception

Question 65

Yacef is interested in determining whether children develop virtually the same way in Algeria as they do in other parts of the world. Yacef's research deals primarily with the _ issue of human development.

Answer 65

universal vs. context specific development

Question 66

When Faith's mother leaves her alone in a room, she does not move and appears a bit dazed. Faith is most likely exhibiting a _ attachment.

Answer 66

disorganized

Question 67

who develop social cognitive theory?

Answer 67

Bandura

Question 68

Which is not an Apgar factor

Answer 68

size

Question 69

I am the structure through which a mom and an embryo exchange waster and nutrients. I am called the

Answer 69

Placenta

Question 70

After playing by herself for a while, young Annika smiles when she sees the face of another child. What term best describes this response to the other child?

Answer 70

social smile

Question 71

A developing human that is traveling from a fallopian tube to the uterus would most accurately be described as a

Answer 71

zygote

Question 72

Julio is interested in studying how family relationships affect development. Julio is probably most interested in studying _ influences.

Answer 72

sociocultural.

Question 73

According to Nurture Shock, data shows that from elementary though high school, children are getting an hour less sleep each night than they did thirty years ago. which of the following is (are) attributed to this loss of sleep?

Answer 73

all of the above

Question 74

the defining characteristic of centration is _ thought

Answer 74

narrowly focused

Question 75

Billie is a 7-year-old boy who likes to play house and plays with dolls. How would his peers be most likely to respond to this behavior?

Answer 75

both boys and girls would be rejecting

Question 76

Donnie slipped his little finger into the hand of his newborn infant, who immediately grasped onto it. The infant was exhibiting the _ reflex.

Answer 76

palmar

Question 77

The unique sounds that are combined to create spoken words are called

Answer 77

phonemes

Question 78

the selective optimization with compensation model is primarily associated with the _ perspective.

Answer 78

life-span

Question 79

Dr. Lewinski decides that she wasn't to preform a complete evaluation of the health of a newborn infant she has just delivered. Which of these is most likely to provide the most thorough assessment of the infant's health?

Answer 79

NBAS

Question 80

Plaget used the term _ to describe the difficulty children often have in taking another person's perspective.

Answer 80

egocentrism

Question 81

the notion that development is the best described in terms of series of abrupt shifts in behavior best fits with the _ approach

Answer 81

discontinuity

Question 82

An information- processing theorist would most likely conceptualize all built- in neural structures that assist the operation of the mind as

Answer 82

mental hardware

Question 83

Stan is playing with his ball, and Olly is playing with his dolls. but they are each watching what the other is doing. Stan and Olly are most likely involved in

Answer 83

parallel play

Question 84

If tallness is dominant and designated as "T" and shortness is recessive and designated as "s", who would likely be short?

Answer 84

Danny who is "ss"