- A common set of beliefs and values of a specific group of people - Learned and shared from one generation to another (grandparents, parents, etc.) - Influence the way we think and behave

Exam 1 Flashcards by Madeliene VanSipe

The scientific study of the origin and behavior of man, including the development of the societies and cultures

What is anthropology?

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True or false

Transcultural nursing focuses on similarities and differences of the beliefs, values, and customs of cultures

True

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Transcultural nursing include aspects of _____________ and ___________.

Nursing and anthropology

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Cross Cultural Healthcare

Nurses and other health care professionals using medical anthropological concepts

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International Healthcare

Involves travel to or practice or service-learning experiences in other nations or countries

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Transcultural Healthcare

Formal preparation in transcultural health care; integration of the values, beliefs, and patterns of cultural groups into professional practices

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Who is the most culturally compotent provider?

One who has formally studied transcultural health

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TCN A Certification
- Another name for it
- Education Required
- Serves to do what

TCN A-
- Transcultural nurse specialist
- Higher level degree
- Serves as an expert transcultural field practitioner, teacher, researcher, and consultant

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TCN-B Certification
- Another name for it
- Education Required
- Serves to do what

Transcultural nurse generalist
Holds a diploma, an associate, or BSN degree from a program accredited by the Commission on the Collegiate of Nursing Education (CCNE) or the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC)
Able to apply transcultural nursing concepts, principles, and practices that are generated by transcultural nurse specialists (Worker bee)

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Who developed transcultural nursing and when?

Nurse theorist Madeline Leininger in mid 1950’s/60’s

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What was the goal when creating transcultural nursing?

Promote and maintain the culture care needs of human beings

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How did Madeline Leininger first develop the theory?

She observed differences in responses to care and psychiatric treatments among children from diverse cultural backgrounds, noting that traditional psychoanalytical therapy strategies did not seem to help them.

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Dr. Leininger is the author and editor of over ___ articles and 60 chapters

300

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When was the Transcultural Nursing Society established?

1973

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Emphasized cultural competence education for nurses

Dr. Marianne Jeffreys

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Published ‘Transcultural Healthcare: A Culturally Competent Approach’ and its companion, ‘Guide for Culturally Competent Healthcare’.

Used for family

Dr. Larry Purnell

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‘The Process of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare Services’, and ‘ASKED’

She is known to sue

Dr. Josepha Campinha-Bacote

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Transcultural Assessment Model

Has 6 areas:

Communication – How people express themselves (language, tone, eye contact, etc.).
Space – Personal space preferences (some cultures like more distance, others less).
Social organization – Family roles and how decisions are made.
Time orientation – Whether someone focuses more on the past, present, or future.
Environmental control – Beliefs about health and who controls outcomes (self, fate, nature, etc.).
Biological variations – Physical and genetic differences that may affect health (e.g., skin color, body structure, disease risk).

Dr. Joyce Giger

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Evolutionary Phases of Transcultural Nursing/Health Care (Phases 1-4)

Phase 1: Developing awareness & sensitivity of cultural care differences and similarities (Replying in the know thyself assignment)

Phase 2: Holding Knowledge: Gaining in-depth knowledge of transcultural theory and research-based knowledge with cultural care competencies (You as the provider would self research on whatever culture)

Phase 3: Using creative and practical research-based findings with documented evidence for culturally congruent care practices (With your one patient- you start to incorporate practices from cultural interview and holding knowledge)

Phase 4: Implementing evidence-based transcultural translational projects into community and clinical settings for culturally congruent care with documented improved health outcomes for diverse populations

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slide 24 module 1

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What is Culture?

A common set of beliefs and values of a specific group of people
Learned and shared from one generation to another (grandparents, parents, etc.)
Influence the way we think and behave

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True or false

Culture is only learned from generation to generation

False

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What are subcultures?

Subgroups who are different in certain ways from a dominant culture (in values, beliefs, customs, and ways of living)
- Have some distinctive features that characterize their unique way of living
- Different from main culture but have some features of dominant culture

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What Makes Up a Culture?

-beliefs and values
-traditions and customs
-family
-art
-music
-language
-food
-clothes

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True or false Cultures change over time

True

ANA CODE OF ETHICS

What is equity?

The act or process of implementing justice and the fair distribution of resources across programs and systems.

What is equality?

Equality means that everyone is treated in the same way without regard for their individual needs or disadvantages

As health care workers- are we more concerned with equality or equity?

Equity.

What is view that everyone deserves equal rights, opportunities, and treatment regardless of their race, age, economic status, sexuality, or gender identity?

Social Justice

What does DEIB stand for?

Diversity, equality, inclusion, and belonging

Social Justice encompasses 3 different equals: - Equal ________ - Equal ________ - Equal ________

- Equal Rights - Equal Opportunity - Equal Treatment

True or false Receiving culturally competent care is a human right for all.

True

What is unconscious bias?

Implicit bias refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that aﬀect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner

True or false It is abnormal to have unconscious bias

False. It is completely normal

What is implicit bias and give an example.

Implicit bias is unconscious bias. Providers are more prone to not prescribe opioids to black men than white men due to labeling them as drug seeking.

How does unconscious bias manifest in behavior?

Microaggressions

What are the 4 D's of microaggressions?

- Discern: Express the importance of the friendship and your feelings - Disarm: Confront the issue - Defy: Have them clarify the issue- "How is that funny?" - Decide:

What are a few ways to reduce unconscious bias?

- Meet diverse people - Travel to diverse places - Have diverse friends - Pay attention the media that you consume

What does it mean to be a culturally competent provider?

The ability to deliver culturally appropriate and specifically tailored care to patients with diverse values, beliefs, and behaviors

Cultural Competent - Who is it focussed on? - What needs to be learned in o

- Focused on healthcare provider - We need to learn: cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, communication skills, and cultural desire

Culturally congruent care is focused on who?

The patient, family, community, organization, or group.

Random video taping and pregnancy add ____lbs to the human body physique

40 lbs

10 Cultural Commandments of Cultural Competence

1. Thou Shall Not Be Ethnocentric- “The belief that one’s own ways are the best, most superior, or preferred ways to act, believe, or behave” 2.Thou Shall Not Stereotype 3. Thou Shall Not Discriminate- “Overt or covert *actions* or ways that limit opportunities, choices, or life experiences of others based on feelings or biases” 4. Thou Shall Conduct Cultural Assessment 5. Thou Shall Not Be Culturally Blind- "the inability of an individual to understand another culture mainly because of an inability to recognize or see one’s own lifestyle, values, and modes of acting as those based largely on prejudices and ethnocentric and biased tendencies.” 6. Thou Shall Not Engage In Cultural Imposition- “the tendency of an individual or group to impose their beliefs, values, and patterns of behavior on another culture for varied reasons” 7. Thou Shall Not Cause Cultural Pain- The “suffering, discomfort, or [the state of] being greatly offended by an individual or group who shows a great lack of sensitivity toward another’s cultural experience” 8. Thou Shall Value Cultural Diversity 9. Thou Shall Respect Cultural Values, Beliefs, and Practices 10. Thou Shall Provide Culturally Congruent Integrative and Collaborative Care

Things included on cultural assessment

Tools or instruments that may be used for a cultural assessment

- Sunrise enabler model - Andrews & Boyle’s (2016) Transcultural Nursing Assessment Guide for Individuals and Families - The Cultural Competence Clinical Evaluation Tool (CCCET)

The “suffering, discomfort, or [the state of] being greatly offended by an individual or group who shows a great lack of sensitivity toward another’s cultural experience” What is this and an example?

Cultural Pain and professor when she was having a baby

Leiningers Culture Care Modes - Preservation and/or maintenance - Accommodation and/or negotiation - Repatterining and/or restructuring

- Preservation and/or maintenance: Healthy behaviors that should be kept - Accommodation (you as the healthcare provider are changing your practice) and/or negotiation (you're negotiating to change the patients practice) - Repatterining and/or restructuring: What a patient is doing that is harmful and needs to be stopped right away

Culture Care Theory is a theory to be used with any other research method, but the __________ research method is only designed to word with the culture care theory

Ethnonursing Research Method

When is it okay to use anyone for translation services (family or complete strangers)?

Life or death situation

When is it okay to use a coworker as a translator?

If they're certified

What was the purpose of the "Know Thyself" Assignment?

Aims to let you investigate your own personal cultural beliefs, values, and needs (what do you need when people take care of you)

What is transcultural nursing?

Focuses on differences and similarities of the beliefs, customs, and values of cultures in nursing/healthcare field

3 Challenges to DEIB

- Systemic Bias: Unitentional bias, often stereotyping (White pt given pain meds but a black patient is denied them) - Cultural Competency: Healthcare staff are not aware on how to treat people of certain groups due to lack of training - Recruitment and retention

What is conscious bias?

People who are aware of their bias connected with intent -Ex. Nazis or Members of KKK

Cultural safety originated where and when?

New Zealand in 1980

2 important elements of cultural safety

Cultural awareness and cultural sensitivity

Is there such thing as good stereotypes?

Yes- we dont want them because they put pressure on that group of people Ex. All Asians are smart

Difference in care vs caring

An example of cultural universals are ___________. What is the example given in lecture?

Commonalities Love for parents

Not understanding another culture mainly because of an inability to recognize or see one’s own lifestyle, values, and modes of acting as those based largely on prejudices and ethnocentric and biased tendencies

Cultural Blindness

A state of disorientation or inability to respond appropriately to another person or situation because the lifeways are so strange and unfamiliar

Culture Shock

The belief that one’s own [cultural] ways are the best, most superior, or preferred ways to act, believe, or behave

Ethnocentrism

The tendency of an individual or group to impose their beliefs, values, and patterns of behavior on another culture for varied reasons

Cultural Imposition

Some examples of cultural influences that may lead to bias include:

- Linguistic interpretation - Ethical concepts of right and wrong - Understanding of facts or evidence-based proof - Intentional or unintentional ethnic or racial bias - Religious beliefs or understanding - Sexual attraction and mating

The *learned* cultural and social identity of particular groups related to specific ancestral features (such as language, customs, mode of dress, and religion)

Ethnicity

If someone is hispanic or latino this is considered to be part of their...

Ethnicity

The social classification of *inherited* biological physical, or genetic traits such as skin color, hair texture, and other physical features

Race

A belief, conscious or unconscious, that people of different *races differ in value*

Racism

Preconceived attitudes, ideas, beliefs, or opinions that limit a full and accurate understanding of an individual, culture, gender, event, or situation

Prejudice

Examples include homophobia, islamophobia, and antisemitism

Prejudice

Classifying or placing people into a narrow, fixed view with rigid, inflexible, boxlike characteristics

Stereotyping

Overt or covert *actions* or ways aimed at limiting opportunities, choices, or life experiences of others based on feelings, racial biases, or prejudices

Discrimination

- Actions that negatively target a marginalized person or group - Convey disparaging messages to people because they belong — or are perceived to belong — to a specific group - A ______________ can be intentional or accidental - People who engage in ____________ may mean no harm toward the person or group being targeted

Microaggression

*Negative* feedback or unfavorable outcomes by host cultures toward visiting HCPs who have been working or consulting with host cultures for a period of time without providing care that fits with the needs, beliefs, and practices of host cultures.

Cultural Backlash

Sickle cell seen in

African Americans

Susto seen in

Latin Americans

Koro seen in

Southeast Asian countries - China (southern regions) - India - Malaysia - Indonesia - Thailand

Amok seen in

Southeast Asia - Malaysia (specifically) - Indonesia - Philippines

Anorexia Nervosa seen in

White teenage women

The process by which an individual or group from a Culture learns how to take on *many (but not all)* values, behaviors, norms, and lifeways of another culture (2 cultures involved)

Acculturation

- The process by which one learns to take on or live by a particular culture with its specific values, beliefs, and practices - Usually through unconscious repetition, and mostly occurs from birth

Enculturation

- Taking on the traits of the dominant culture to such a degree that the assimilating group becomes socially indistinguishable from other members of the society - May be compelled through force or undertaken voluntarily

Assimilation

Examples of culture specific care

- Kosher food - Pork free meals - Plant based jello

- Occurs mainly with unknown cultures when non-helpful care practices fail to meet a client’s cultural expectations, beliefs, values, and lifeways - Lack of awareness or knowledge may be involved - Example: Forcing a life-saving blood transfusion on a Jehovah's Witness patient

Cultural Care Conflict

The nurse practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes of every person

Provision 1

The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individ- ual, family, group, community, or population

Provision 2

The nurse promotes, advocates for, and protects the rights, health, and safety of the patient

Provision 3

The nurse collaborates with other health professionals and the public to protect human rights, promote health diplomacy, and reduce health disparities

Provision 8

The profession of nursing through its professional organizations must articulate nursing values, maintain the integrity of the profession, and integrate principles of social justice into nursing and health policy

Provision 9

\The Ethnonursing Research Method is a qualitative, naturalistic, and culture-focused research approach developed by Dr. Madeleine Leininger, the founder of Transcultural Nursing.

Ethnonursing Research Method

Exam 1 Flashcards

(91 cards)