Exam #1 Flashcards
(44 cards)
what is pharmacology?
the study of drugs. ex: the origin, properties, how they work, and affect.
what is a trade name?
propiretary name
what is a generic name?
nonpropiretary name
what happens in new drug phase 1?
small (20-100) healthy volunteers try the drug to check its safety and tolerability
what happens in new drug phase 2?
several hundred with the disease the drug is meant to treat - is it effective at varying doses and most drugs fail in this phase
what happens in new drug phase 3?
300-3,000 people with the disease - confirms effectiveness in larger population, tested against a placebo in this phase. it drug passes, it goes to FDA.
what happens in new drug phase 4?
once approved it can be prescribed to the public - this
what are the routes of administration for drugs?
oral (mouth), parenteral (needle), rectal (rectum), sublingual (under the tongue), transdermal (on skin in patch form), inhalation (in lungs), intramuscular (into muscle), subcutaneous (fatty tissue beneath dermis or skin), intra-arterial (into artery)
where are most drugs metabolized?
the liver
what is an agnoist?
drugs that combine with specific receptors to cause drug action
what is an antiagonist?
combine with receptors and cause no action or block an effect
what is the sympathetic nervous system?
generally dominant system when under stress, creates the “fight or flight” response
what is the parasympathetic nervous system?
responsible for maintaining bodily functions during relaxed or “rest and digest” states
what neurotransmitter is released at the neuroeffector site in the parasympathetic system?
acetylcholine
what neurotransmitter is released at the neuroeffector site in the sympathetic system?
norepinephrine
if you were asked to give a drug PO, how would you administer it?
orally
what is another name for a drug or substance that is known to cause cancer?
carcinogens
what is another name for a side effect?
adverse reaction
Drugs administered by what route has the quickest onset of action?
inhalation
what is an example of a transdermal medication?
nicotine patch
what is an example of a sublingual medication?
nitrogylcerin tablets
what is a reaction to a drug caused by an immune response?
an allergy
where will <1μm deposit for aerosol?
it will likely be exhaled
where will 1-5μm deposit for aerosol?
lower respiratory tract - our goal
