Exam 1 Flashcards
(32 cards)
What symptoms result from too much dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway?
Positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions)
Mnemonic: “Too much Dope =
Delusions”
What symptoms result from too little dopamine in the mesocortical pathway?
Negative symptoms (anhedonia, flat affect, avolition)
Mnemonic: “Mesocortical =
Motivation Missing”
What happens when dopamine is blocked in the nigrostriatal pathway?
EPS (Parkinsonism, dystonia, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia)
Mnemonic: “Nigro = No-
Go = Movement problems”
What side effect occurs with dopamine blockade in the tuberoinfundibular pathway?
↑ Prolactin (galactorrhea, amenorrhea, sexual dysfunction)
Mnemonic: “Tuber = Tummy Milk = Prolactin Up”
Which SGA has the highest risk of weight gain and metabolic syndrome?
Olanzapine
Mnemonic: “O = Obese”
Which antipsychotic is best for treatment-resistant schizophrenia?
Clozapine
Mnemonic: “Clozapine = Closest to a cure”
Which antipsychotic causes the most prolactin elevation?
Risperidone
“Risperidone = Rises Prolactin”
Which antipsychotic has the lowest EPS and weight gain?
Aripiprazole
Mnemonic: “Aripiprazole = Atypical Advantage”
What drug requires frequent CBC monitoring due to agranulocytosis?
Clozapine
Mnemonic: “CLOZAPINE = Check Leukocytes Often, Zombies Possible”
Which antipsychotic is most associated with QT prolongation?
Ziprasidone
Mnemonic: “Zip = Zap your heart rhythm”
What’s the EPS treatment drug?
Benztropine or Diphenhydramine
Mnemonic: “Benztropine for Body Twitches”
What treats tardive dyskinesia?
Valbenazine
Mnemonic: “Valbenazine = Vanishes the tics”
What’s the timeline for acute dystonia?
Hours–days
Mnemonic: “D for Day 1”
What’s the timeline for akathisia?
Days–weeks
Mnemonic: “A = After a few Days”
What’s the timeline for parkinsonism?
Weeks–months
Mnemonic: “P = Prolonged Period”
What’s the timeline for tardive dyskinesia?
Months–years
Mnemonic: “T = Too long”
Blocking D2 causes?
EPS, ↑ prolactin
Mnemonic: “D2 = Dystonia & Discharge”
Blocking 5HT2A causes?
Reduces EPS, improves negative symptoms
Mnemonic: “5HT = Safer To Move”
Blocking H1 causes?
Sedation, weight gain
Mnemonic: “H1 = Hefty & Hibernating”
Blocking M1 (muscarinic) causes?
Dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision
Mnemonic: “M1 = Mad dry Mouth”
Blocking α1 causes?
Orthostatic hypotension
Mnemonic: “α1 = A-fall (fall risk)”
Which has a higher risk of EPS: FGA or SGA?
First-generation (FGA)
Mnemonic: “First is Worst (for EPS)”
Which antipsychotic class is more likely to cause metabolic side effects like weight gain and diabetes?
Second-generation (SGA)
Mnemonic: “Second = Sugar & Size”
Which antipsychotic is a partial D2 agonist?
Aripiprazole
Mnemonic: “A for Agonist”
