Exam 1

Question 1

Major elements of the body with percentage

Answer 1

Oxygen 65%
Carbon 18.5%
Hydrogen 9.5%
Nitrogen 3%
Calcium 1.5%
Phosphorus 1%

Question 2

Example of suspension in body

Answer 2

Blood cells within Plasma

Question 3

Example of Colloid in body

Answer 3

Suros
Cytosol
Blood plasma

Question 4

Example of solution in body

Answer 4

Blood plasma (solution of salts, glucose, HCO3

Question 5

Oxidation

Answer 5

Loses electrons

Question 6

Reduction

Answer 6

Gains electrons

Question 7

Exergonic

Answer 7

More chemical energy is within bonds than products

Question 8

Endergonic

Answer 8

Less energy within their bonds than the product

Question 9

Sodium Ion functions/Chemical formula

Answer 9

Na⁺
-Most common extra cellular cation
-Osmotic movement of water
-Conducting electrical signals in nerves and muscles

Question 10

Potassium ion function/Chemical formula

Answer 10

K⁺
-Most common intercellular cation
-Role in glycogen storage in liver
-Function in pH balance

Question 11

Calcium ion function/Chemical formula

Answer 11

Ca²⁺
-Hardens bone and teeth
-Blood clotting

Question 12

Magnesium ion function/Chemical formula

Answer 12

Mg²⁺
-Required for ATP production

Question 13

Hydrogen Ion

Answer 13

H⁺
-Concentration determines pH of blood and other fluids in body

Question 14

Chloride ion function/Structure

Answer 14

Cl^-
-Stomach acid

Question 15

Biocarbonate ion

Answer 15

HCO₃^-
-Conversion of CO₂ to HCO₃^-

Question 16

Phosphate ion

Answer 16

PO₄^3-
-Component of phospholipids
-Component of nucleotides including ATP, RNA, DNA

Question 17

Common cations

Answer 17

Sodium, Magnesium, Potassium, Calcium, Hydrogen

Question 18

Common anions

Answer 18

Chloride, Bicarbonate, Phosphate

Question 19

Nonpolar

Answer 19

Sharing electron equally in covalent bond

Question 20

Polar

Answer 20

Sharing electron in-equally in covalent bond

Question 21

What is an exception to nonpolar bonds?

Answer 21

C-H

Question 22

Why is carbon dioxide nonpolar?

Answer 22

Electronegativity is pulled equally from each side

(-)O=C=O(-)

Question 23

Organic molecules

Answer 23

Contain Carbon

Question 24

In organic molecules

Answer 24

Water, salts, acids, bases

Question 25

4 functions of water

Answer 25

-Lubricates -Cushions -Excretes waste -Transfers

Question 26

What dissolves in water?

Answer 26

Polar molecules and ions

Question 27

Electrolytes

Answer 27

Dissolve and disassociate Producing electric current

Question 28

What do biological macromolecules always contain?

Answer 28

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 29

Hydrocarbons are _____

Answer 29

Hydrophobic Nonpolar Not soluble in water

Question 30

4 main functional grous

Answer 30

Hydroxyl, Carboxyl, Phosphate, Amine

Question 31

Lysis means

Answer 31

Destruction

Question 32

Hydrolysis

Answer 32

Destruction through water

Question 33

Hydrolysis explained

Answer 33

H2O is added to macromolecule to break apart

Question 34

Four types of lipids (PETS)

Answer 34

Phospholipids Eicosanoids Triglycerides Steroids

Question 35

What functional groups act as an acid?

Answer 35

Carboxyl Phosphate

Question 36

What functional group helps solubility in water?

Answer 36

Hydroxyl

Question 37

Structure of triglycerides

Answer 37

3 fatty acids with Glycerol

Question 38

Lipolysis

Answer 38

Breaks apart fatty acids from glycerol using h2o

Question 39

Lipogenesis

Answer 39

Bonds glycerol to 3 fatty acids

Question 40

Saturated

Answer 40

Has no double bonds

Question 41

Unsaturated

Answer 41

Has one double bond

Question 42

Polyunsaturated

Answer 42

Has 2+ double bonds

Question 43

Structure of phospholipids

Answer 43

2 fatty acids Glycerol Phosphate group (Polar)

Question 44

Glucose polysaccharide name

Answer 44

Glycogen

Question 45

Process in which glycogen is made?

Answer 45

Glycogenesis

Question 46

Process in which glucose in released from glycogen?

Answer 46

Glycogenolysis

Question 47

Bond between phosphate group in one nucleotide and sugar in another

Answer 47

Phosphodiester