Exam 1

Question 1

Marbury v Madison

Answer 1

Chief Justice John Marshall established the concept of judicial review

Question 2

Citizens United v Federal Election Commission

Answer 2

Held that the First Amendment protects corporate, union, and nonprofit fund of independent political speech

Question 3

Bicameralism

Answer 3

Congress is divided into two chambers, the House and the Senate

Question 4

Institutionalization

Answer 4

Development of the more component parts within the institution (in this case Congress)

Question 5

Speaker of the House

Answer 5

John Boehner (R-OH)

Question 6

House Majority Leader

Answer 6

Eric Cantor (R-VA)

Question 7

House Minority Leader

Answer 7

Nancy Pelosi (D-CA)

Question 8

Senate Majority Leader

Answer 8

Harry Reid (D-NV)

Question 9

Senate Minority Leader

Answer 9

Mitch McConnell (R-KY)

Question 10

Senate President pro tempore

Answer 10

Patrick Leahy (D-VT)

Question 11

Which article of the Constitution addresses Congress?

Answer 11

Article 1

Question 12

Separation of powers

Answer 12

Power is divided between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches

Question 13

Checks and balances

Answer 13

Each branch has certain checks on the others to keep a balance of power

Question 14

Constitution as an “invitation to struggle”

Answer 14

ENTER LATER

Question 15

Federalism

Answer 15

ENTER LATER

Question 16

“Pork” spending

Answer 16

ENTER LATER

Question 17

Filibuster

Answer 17

ENTER LATER

Question 18

Articles of Confederation

Answer 18

Predecessor to the Constitution; failed b/c it limited the power of the government (Congress could declare wars but had to ask for soldiers; Congress had no power to tax)

Question 19

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 19

ENTER LATER

Question 20

Annapolis Convention of 1786

Answer 20

Washington, Madison, and others saw need for change so they decided to send delegates to Philadelphia to consider possibilities

Question 21

Constitutional Convention

Answer 21

Lasted 4 months, needed only 9 states to approve changes to articles, had a powerful federal gov but w/separation of powers

Question 22

Connecticut Compromise

Answer 22

Bicameral legislature with the House benefitting large states and the Senate benefitting small states

Question 23

President v. Congress- who has more power?

Answer 23

On the whole, Congress; but not all the time, it depends on the president

Question 24

Andrew Jackson

Answer 24

A vigorous and opinionated president who split the nation

Question 25

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 25

Civil War president who assumed some extra-constitutional powers to become a strong leader

Question 26

When was the Golden Age of Congressional Government?

Answer 26

From Andrew Johnson to Theodore Roosevelt

Question 27

What characterized the Golden Age of Congressional Government?

Answer 27

- Whig philosophy of limited government | - Congress as identifier and solver of problems

Question 28

Which president began the growth of presidential power?

Answer 28

Teddy Roosevelt

Question 29

How did Teddy Roosevelt increase presidential power

Answer 29

- Invented executive orders - Used the "bully pulpit" - Called it the "Jackson-Lincoln theory of the presidency"

Question 30

Which president reverted back to the Whig model?

Answer 30

FDR during the depression, when the country was in need of vigorous leadership

Question 31

What are Nelson Polsby's three characteristics of institutionalization?

Answer 31

- Well-bounded - Complex - Relies on rules and precedents

Question 32

What makes Congress well-bounded (based on Polsby)?

Answer 32

- Membership stability - Number of terms for members - Leadership: serve more terms, specific career path

Question 33

What makes Congress complex (based on Polsby)?

Answer 33

- Development of committee system - Development of party leadership - Increase in financial resources

Question 34

How does Congress rely on rules and precedents (based on Polsby)?

Answer 34

- Evidence from contested elections - Use of seniority for committee leadership - Politeness and decorum norms

Question 35

What do the "inside" roles of Congressional leadership involve?

Answer 35

Influencing votes, communicating with members, knowing parliamentary procedures, organizing activities

Question 36

What do the "outside" roles of Congressional leadership involve?

Answer 36

Publicizing issue agendas, serving as party's link to public/press, raise money, recruiting candidates for the next election

Question 37

In which chamber is leadership more important?

Answer 37

The House

Question 38

Dennis Hastert

Answer 38

Famous Speaker of the House

Question 39

Sam Rayburn

Answer 39

Famous Speaker of the House

Question 40

Newt Gingrich

Answer 40

Famous Speaker of the House

Question 41

Tip O'Neil

Answer 41

Famous Speaker of the House

Question 42

Jim Wright

Answer 42

Famous Speaker of the House

Question 43

Tom Foley

Answer 43

Famous Speaker of the House

Question 44

Nancy Pelosi

Answer 44

Famous Speaker of the House

Question 45

John Boehner

Answer 45

Famous Speaker of the House

Question 46

Majority Leader

Answer 46

- Different from speaker - Elected by secret ballot of party - Does not chair committees - Experienced legislator

Question 47

What is the job of the Majority Leader?

Answer 47

Floor defender, negotiator, spokesperson, duties sometimes overlap with Speaker

Question 48

Minority Leader

Answer 48

Leader of the "loyal opposition"

Question 49

What is the job of the Minority Leader?

Answer 49

- Promote unity in party - Monitor legislative activities - Reach out to voters - Win back control of the House

Question 50

What is the job of a Whip?

Answer 50

In theory: encourage party discipline In practice: count votes, seek information, communicate with party members

Question 51

In which chamber are whips less important?

Answer 51

The Senate

Question 52

Party Caucus refers to which party?

Answer 52

Democrats

Question 53

Party Conference refers to which party?

Answer 53

Republicans

Question 54

Cannon Revolt

Answer 54

First time committees and chairs gained power was after this; Joseph Cannon was voted out of the Rules Committee as Speaker

Question 55

Standing Committee

Answer 55

Permanent committee

Question 56

Select Committee

Answer 56

Temporary committee

Question 57

Joint Committee

Answer 57

Consists of members from both houses

Question 58

Conference Committee

Answer 58

Members of each chamber meet to resolve differences in bills

Question 59

An average member sits on how many committees?

Answer 59

About 3

Question 60

Johnson Rule

Answer 60

Ensures that all majority party Senators are appointed to one "A" committee before a Senator receives a second assignment

Question 61

How does the committee assignment process work?

Answer 61

- Accomodate new members - Levels of committees (A and Super A are best) - Average members sit on 3 - Choices determined by reelection, influence, and policymaking - Johnson Rule in Senate - Members must lobby leadership

Question 62

What are the 3 steps to the assignment to a committee?

Answer 62

Party assignment panel -> Party caucus/conference vote -> Pro forma vote by chamber

Question 63

What is the committee process?

Answer 63

Overlapping jurisdictions solved by referrals, subcommittees first, hearing, markup, report

Question 64

"The power of the Speaker of the House is the power of ________"

Answer 64

"scheduling"