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History of Christianity > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Pharisees

A

mainline Jews,
opposed overhellenization of religion,
knew scriptures very well,
most of the early Christian movement was drawn from their ranks

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2
Q

Essenes

A

Jewish sect
generally sympathetic to Pharisees
withdrawn to desert communities

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3
Q

Sadducees

A

the Jewish ruling class
traditionally controlled the Temple
more hellenized and secular
small minority

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4
Q

Zealots

A

Jews militantly opposed to Roman rule

developed after CE 66

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5
Q

Cosmos

A

the order of all things

visible (seen, physical) and invisible (unseen, spiritual)

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6
Q

post hoc ergo propter hoc

A

“after this therefore because of this”
a fallacy
similarity does NOT determine causation!
why Christianity is not a pagan religion

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7
Q

Zeno

A

teacher of Stoicism

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8
Q

Temple

A

where God could be found
located in Jerusalem
ONLY place to offer sacrifice

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9
Q

Synagogue

A

place of preaching, reading scripture, ritual prayer and hymns, education of the faith, community discipline, and charity for the poor
arose during Babylonian captivity
worship on Saturday (the Sabbath)

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10
Q

“house”

A

one of the 3 places of Jewish worship
same word used for house and synagogue
Christians also worshiped in house-churches

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11
Q

Eucharist

A

observed AT LEAST once a week (Sunday)
only baptized allowed (including children)
not merely symbolic - “real presence”

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12
Q

Qumran

A

where the Dead Sea Scrolls were found

possibly an Essene community

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13
Q

Philo

A

first century Jewish thinker
showed agreement between Jewish teaching and Greek philosophical traditions
idea of Logos

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14
Q

ἐκκλησία

ekklesia

A

Christian “churches”
place of preaching, reading scripture, ritual prayer and hymns, education of the faith, community discipline, and charity for the poor
worship on Sunday (day of Resurrection)

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15
Q

Nero

A

Roman emperor suspected of starting fire that burned down Rome (CE 64) so he could rebuild it - better
he blamed Christians

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16
Q

Baptism

A

rite of initiation in 1st century Jewish communities
for Christians, mystical union w/ Christ through baptism
adults need instruction before Baptism
child baptism a standard practice

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17
Q

Ebionites

A

only distinct variety of Christianity in first century
extreme minority
denied Christ’s divinity
faded rapidly when Temple was destroyed (CE 70)
we don’t have any of their writings

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18
Q

4 BCE

A

Jesus born

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19
Q

Docetism

A

rejection of Jesus as a human
all spirit - no physical body
he’s a hologram!

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20
Q

Archisynogogos

A

ruler of the synagogue
presided over services
regulated teaching and observance of tradition

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21
Q

Hyperetes

A 
"servant of the synagogue"
paid employee
cared for the scrolls
taught
enforced discipline
cared for building and furnishings
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22
Q

Episcopos

A

the “overseer”
presided over Christian services
regulated teaching
similar to Archisynogogos

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23
Q

Diakonos

A

“servant”
deacon
maintain distribution of charity, teaching, daily business of the church
similar to hyperites

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24
Q

Presbytyr

A

elder

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25
Dura Europos
archeological dig site in Syria | how we know how house-churches were set up
26
Apologists
recognized antipathy towards Christians based on lack of understanding wrote EXPLANATIONS, had nothing to do with "being sorry"
27
Marcion
``` 80?-154 CE leader of Marcionites rejected OT God rejected materialism Christ = deliverer from OT God created first NT canon w/ edited letters of Paul and an abridged gospel of Luke wrote Antitheses ```
28
Ignatius
bishop of Antioch
29
Justin Martyr
``` well educated Middle Platonist converts to Christianity taught Christian philosophy in Ephasus and Rome martyred 165 CE wrote apologies ```
30
Montanism
``` "New Prophesy" led by Montanus (and Priscilla & Maximilla) predicted end of the world rigorous ascetic discipline had female clergy Tertullian - most significant convert ```
31
Priscilla and Maximilla
female associates of Montanus
32
"heretic"
one the CHOOSES weird things/beliefs | makes the choice to go "the other/wrong way"
33
"orthodoxy"
"right worship/teaching" mainline Christianity note the little o - not actually Orthodox yet
34
Antitheses
written by Marcion set forth specific doctrines that he rejected for mainline Christian teaching prompted mainline Christianity to defend itself (with canons and creeds)
35
Tradition
things universally taught | teaching of the apostles "handed down" in Apostolic Succession
36
Creeds
worded to establish boundaries of mainline teaching and exclude heretical ideas used as a measure of belief ex) Apostles' Creed Nicene Creed
37
κανον | Canon
``` guidelines authoritative list criteria: -Apostolic Authority -Tradition of use THERE WAS NO COUNCIL that chose the books ```
38
Gnosticism
``` elitist group had "secret knowledge" good/evil dichotomy material world=evil soul/body dichotomy only Gnostics were "saved" allowed to lie and betray others ```
39
Irenaeus
``` eastern church father 2nd century studied and taught in Rome priest and bishop wrote Against Heresies martyred after being turned in by Gnostics ```
40
Tertullian
a Montanist also a church father wrote about the trinity one of the first western interpreters of Christianity
41
Cyprian
bishop of Carthage important early Christian writer and church father influenced by Tertullian martyred in 258
42
44 BCE
end of Roman republic Julius Ceasar assassinated civil unrest breaks out
43
Pliny the Younger
Roman politician persecuted Christians his letters tell us that Christianity was an illegal cult in Rome
44
Valentinus
``` 2nd century famous Gnostic theologian taught there were 3 kinds of people 1 - spiritual (Gnostics) 2 - psychical (other Christians) 3 - material (pagans, Jews) ```
45
pleroma
fullness, entirety
46
Demiurge
the creator god
47
Cainites
Gnostic sect who worshipped Cain as first victim of the evil OT God
48
"New Prophesy"
the movement also known as Montanism | the key to interpreting the "true" meaning of scripture
49
anamnesis
memory, returning to the event itself | sort of like time travel
50
"Eighth Day"
the day of Resurrection (Sunday) transcends time the reason for octagonal stuff in church
51
29 CE
Jesus dies (?)
52
70 CE
destruction of the Temple
53
1 Clement
one of the earliest texts outside the canon | a letter to Christian in Corinth
54
Shepherd of Hermas
1st or 2nd Century writing occasionally canonized very important work for early Christians
55
63 BCE
Rome takes control over Jerusalem
56
educere
"to draw out" | root of education
57
Nag Hammadi
site in Egypt 13 codices found majority are Gnostic - like the Gospel of Thomas
58
135 CE
Jews banned from Jerusalem | Judaism outlawed
59
"faith"
TO BE RECEPTIVE to what God offers NOT about belief it is about acceptance or acknowledgment
60
"repentance"
transformation of the mind - changing what you think is good/right NOT just feeling sorry actions determine if the mind has actually been changed
61
catechumen
instructions/ summary of faith | for candidates for baptism
62
Dead Sea Scrolls
collection of texts found in Qumran hidden by Essenes? during 2nd Temple Period
63
Septuagint
official Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible 3rd - 2nd century BCE adopted by early Christians
64
"Q"
the unknown common source of Matthew and Luke (other than Mark) teachings/sayings of Christ
65
polis
cities | basic political/social unit of the Roman empire
66
Octavian
Julius Caesar's nephew + heir emperor at time of Jesus' birth also called Caesar Augustus restored order in 31 BCE
67
Alexander the Great
4th century BCE established empire from India to Egypt brought Greek culture and language to all the empire Christianity spreads over the same area
68
Hellenism
Greek-ification | the spread of Greek language and culture
69
Cult of Rome | Emperor Cult
official religion sacrifices are like taxes sacrifice released the power of animals and added it to the emperor or Rome generally
70
Mystery Cults
provided "secret knowledge" personal religious experience sense of belonging, eternal life INCLUSIVE - could follow more than one cult
71
Isis and Osiris
mystery cult based on (heavily adapted) Egyptian myth -worship processions -initiates would be bathed and prayed over - didn't eat meat or drink wine for ten days then "direct encounter with the gods"
72
Stoicism
philosophy started by Zeno taught of a creating God and a "world spirit" reason+lack of passions+virtuous life --> happiness self control important
73
Epicureanism
philosophy began with Epicurus taught life of "pleasure" pleasure through and ascetic, contemplative, and celibate life
74
Atargatis
mystery cult centered around a Syrian fertility diety represented by "Galli" made pilgrimages to Hieropolis
75
Galli
wandering, begging, gelded priests of Atargatis cult initiates shaved head + eyebrows + journeyed to hieropolis, would be priests castrated themselves and from then on wore women's clothing
76
Middle Platonism
combination of Platonism, Aristotelianism, and Stocism approach divine through contemplation intellectual climate, the cultural mentality lots of variety
77
Νους | nous
``` transcendent power ruling over all all-powerful essentially the Jewish God except disinterested in human affairs beneath the Νους there was room for other gods ```
78
λόγος | logos
the meaning/reason behind everything the power/Word of God how God interacts with the world and creates stuff also a name for Jesus Christ
79
diaspora
Jews living outside their hereditary Israel started w/ Jews who remained in Babylon Diaspora Jews tended to be more hellenized - but there are many exceptions
80
Babylonian Captivity
when many of the Jewish teachings/writings were consolidated and organized (the making of the OT) the synagogue developed b/c Jews cut off from Temple

History of Christianity (1 decks)

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