Exam 1

Question 0

Physiology

Answer 0

Study of function of structures

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Study of an organism’s structure

Question 2

Acute responses

Answer 2

To training, involves how the body responds to one bout of exercise

Question 3

Chronic physiological adaptations

Answer 3

To training, marks how the body responds over time to the stress of repeated exercise

Question 4

Hypertrophy

Answer 4

Refers to increases in muscle size

Question 5

What are the three types of hypertrophy?

Answer 5

Transient, chronic and fiber hypertrophy

Question 6

Chronic

Answer 6

Increase of muscle size due to long term resistance training (changes in muscle fiber number)

Question 7

Transient

Answer 7

Pump up of muscle, due to fluid accumulation from blood plasma into interstitial spaces

Question 8

Fiber hypertrophy

Answer 8

Increase size, actin and muscle filaments increase which leads to more cross bridges

Question 9

Hypertrophy can cause…

Answer 9

More myofibrils, actin and myosin, sarcoplasm and connective tissue

Question 10

Atrophy

Answer 10

Refers to decrease in muscle size

Question 11

Eccentric

Answer 11

Force generated while lengthening

Question 12

Concentric

Answer 12

Shortening (dynamic action)

Question 13

What androgen plays a part in muscle growth?

Answer 13

Testosterone

Question 14

DOMS

Answer 14

Primarily eccentric action, damage or injury within muscle

Question 15

When is DOMS felt?

Answer 15

12 to 48 hours after strenuous exercise

Question 16

DOMS causes….

Answer 16

A reduction in the force generating capacity of muscles

Question 18

Myelin

Answer 18

Sheath around nerve fibers

Question 19

Strength

Answer 19

Maximal force a muscle or muscle group can generate

Question 20

Power

Answer 20

Product of strength and speed of movement

Question 21

Endurance

Answer 21

The capacity to sustain a repeated muscle action

Question 22

Hyperplasia

Answer 22

Muscle fiber number - one muscle cell splits into two

Question 23

Depolarization

Answer 23

Inside of cell becomes less negative (>-70 mV)

Question 24

Hyperpolarization

Answer 24

Inside of cell becomes more negative (<-70mV)

Question 25

Motor unit

Answer 25

Motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it supplies

Question 26

An excitatory impulse causes hyperpolarization or depolarization

Answer 26

ESPS

Question 27

An inhibitory impulse causes hyperpolarization

Answer 27

ISPS

Question 28

Autogenic inhibition

Answer 28

Sudden relaxation of a muscle due to high tension

Question 29

Resting membrane potential

Answer 29

Difference of electrical charge from inside and outside of a cell. High concentration of K+ inside and Na+ outside

Question 30

Action potential

Answer 30

Rapid substantial depolarization of the membrane (gates open at above -50mV)

Question 31

Engrams

Answer 31

Memorized motor patterns stored in the brain

Question 32

What are the muscle fiber proteins?

Answer 32

Actin, myosin, titan and nebulin

Question 33

Titan

Answer 33

To position the myosin filament

Question 34

Nebulin

Answer 34

Anchors actin

Question 35

What are two muscle fiber types skeletal muscle has?

Answer 35

Fast twitch and slow twitch

Question 36

Fast twitch (FTa)

Answer 36

Moderate aerobic and fatigue, provides energy faster

Question 37

Fast twitch (FTb)

Answer 37

Low aerobic and fatigue, more force less endurance

Question 38

Slow twitch

Answer 38

High aerobic and fatigue resistant

Question 39

Events leading to a Muscle Fiber Action

Answer 39

( )

Question 40

Step 1

Answer 40

A motor neuron releases ACh

Question 41

Step 2

Answer 41

ACh binds to receptors on the sarcolemma

Question 42

Step 3

Answer 42

This initiates an action potential (sodium floods cell)

Question 43

Step 4

Answer 43

Action potential travels to the SR, releasing Ca+

Question 44

Step 5

Answer 44

Ca+ binds to troponin on the actin filament and troponin pulls tropomyosin off the active sites, allowing myosin heads to attach to the actin filament

Question 45

Factors in Velocity of Action Potential

Answer 45

Myelinated fibers, saltatory conduction and diameter of the neuron