Exam 1 & 2 Biomechanical Models and Hypothesis of Chiropractic Subluxation Flashcards
(46 cards)
What are the models of subluxation
Biomechanical
Neurologic
Tropic
Psychosocial
What is essential component of the intervertebral subluxation hypothesis
misalignment or partial dislocation
True or False
Spinal misalignment is a relatively common entity
True
What are some mechanisms of cause of intervertebral/ segmental misalignment
- evolution (incomplete adaptation)
- trauma
- disc injury, aging
- inflammatory arthritides
- Infection
- congenital & developmental factors
- postural stress
“The body is perfectly designed, but not suited for contemporary environments and behaviors”
is a concept of…
evolutionary biology
“There is 100% of innate intelligence in every living thing, the requisite amount, proportional to it’s organization”
is what principle
principle #22
“Innate intelligence is always normal, and it’s function is always normal”
is what principle
principle #27
According to B.J. Palmer, what is, in the midst of civilized circumstances, the meaning of the word “hygienic” in chiropractic
restoration of natural conditions
“Hygiene, chiropractically, is the restoration of natural and healthful environmental conditions which have …
been made abnormal by the necessities of civilized life”
- Stephenson, textbook of Chiropractic
Trauma to structural components of the spine, particularly ______
ligaments
(exceeding the limit of anatomical integrity)
Leach’s instability hypothesis states that what 2 things result in instability and or misalignment
- repeated trauma
- postural stresses with scaring of ligamentous capsular and disc tissues
What is a mechanism of cause of an intervertebral disk subluxation
trauma, degeneration, aging
What specifically occurs in an IVD subluxation
- IVD diminished posterior height
- spinal nerve subjected to impingement/ compression
- IAP subluxated, Z joint inflammed
- SAP projects into IVF
Grisel Syndrome is …
rheumatoid arthritis
- any C1-C2 subluxation associated with inflammatory ligamentous laxity (particularly transverse ligament)
A ______ subluxation model associated with UPPER respiratory tract infection
(ears, mouth, nose, throat)
Cervical
Who found that upper respiratory tract infections were strongly associated with occiput C1, C2 blockages particularly recurrent?
Gutman (1987)
In a study of children with chronic tonsillitis, who found that the most striking and constant clinical finding was movement restriction at the cranio-cervical (occiput & atlas)
junction
Lewis (1991)
What is an example of a congenital and a developmental factor that can lead to facet tropism and spondylosis/
spondylolisthesis
Trisomy 21 (down syndrome)
What can we tell patients regarding vertebral misalignment
- it is possible and common
- trauma and aging are normal factors
- upper neck misalignment is not only a source of pain but has been associated with upper respiratory tract infections and inflammatory processes in neck and head
- some are at greater risk due to body type
- everyone’s at risk when we don’t LIVE NATURALLY
What is the 1st Biomechanical model
- intervertebral subluxation
What is the 2nd Biomechanical model
- statics; basic and compensatory distortion
The branch of mechanisms that deal with the equilibrium of bodies at rest, or in motion with zero acceleration is the definition of
statics
Dr. Willard Carver using statics as a spinal concept considers….
the entire spine in addition to individual segments
Why does Dr. William Carver look at the entire spine also?
because of the effects of gravitational strain on the skeletal framework and posture in the static upright spine
