Exam 1

Question 1

The middle protective sheath of connective tissue in a muscle is called

Answer 1

Perimysium

Question 2

Which of the following muscle structures does not shorten when a muscle contracts?

Answer 2

Myofilament

Question 3

Which of the following is true concerning Ca++ in muscle structure and muscle contraction?

Answer 3

Present in lateral sacs when muscle is relaxed, attaches to troponin to start contraction

Question 4

Muscles apply force by…

Answer 4

Pulling

Question 5

Which of the following is included in a motor unit?

Answer 5

Motor neuron and the muscle fibers activated by that motor neuron

Question 6

Which statement is correct regarding muscle fiber arrangement?

Answer 6

Parallel fibers are less densely packed and are most efficient on being stretched just beyond their normal length

Question 7

Which of the following organs is responsible for protection of the muscle against active tensions?

Answer 7

Golgi Tendon Organs

Question 8

The stretch reflex or myotatic reflex is provoked by activation of which in a rapidly lengthening muscle?

Answer 8

Muscle Spindles

Question 9

Active insufficiency is the…

Answer 9

inability of a multi-jointed muscle to maximally move all crossed joints through their full ROM

Question 10

Passive insufficiency is the…

Answer 10

inability of a multi-jointed muscle to stretch enough to allow all crossed joints to move through their full ROM

Question 11

The main functions of joint receptors are to…

Answer 11

anticipation of force to be encountered AND the amount of actual force encountered

Question 12

Which of the following nerve signal conditions would bring about the highest force production within a muscle?

Answer 12

High intensity nerve signal with moderate signal frequency

Question 13

Concerning the Force-Velocity curve, which is the correct statement?

Answer 13

The higher the velocity of a concentric contraction the lower the force produced

Question 14

Which statement correctly states the four major properties present when an external force acts upon an object to cause motion?

Answer 14

Point of application, line of action, direction, magnitude

Question 15

Compression

Answer 15

forces that press structures together

Question 16

Tension

Answer 16

forces that act in opposite direction causing a pulling action

Question 17

Shear

Answer 17

parallel forces acting in opposite directions

Question 18

Torsion

Answer 18

rotation forces that oppose each other in the direction they act

Question 19

Combined Loading

Answer 19

the simultaneous action of multiple forces on a structure

Question 20

Eccentric forces

Answer 20

a force applied outside an object’s center of gravity

Question 21

Law of Inertia

Answer 21

a body will maintain a state of motion unless acted on by an external force

Question 22

Law of Acceleration

Answer 22

A force applied to a body causes a rate of change in velocity of that body proportional to the magnitude of the force

Question 23

Law of Reaction

Answer 23

When one body exerts a force on a second, the second body exerts a force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction of the first force

Question 24

Center of Gravity

Answer 24

The point where all a body’s mass appears to be concentrated

Question 25

Power

Answer 25

Force times distance over time (F)(d/t)

Question 26

Torque

Answer 26

the turning effect of an eccentric force that produces angular motion

Question 27

Impulse

Answer 27

The change in momentum of an object from time 1 to time 2

Question 28

Momentum

Answer 28

mass times the velocity of that mass

Question 29

provide mechanical levers and structural support

Answer 29

Long Bones

Question 30

provide elasticity, flexibility, and shock absorption

Answer 30

Short Bones

Question 31

provide protection and anchor/attachment points for musculature

Answer 31

Flat Bones

Question 32

provide protection and anchor/attachment points for musculature, and flexibility and shock absorption

Answer 32

Irregular Bones

Question 33

Complete ROM

Answer 33

Enarthroidal Joints

Question 34

Hinge; action primarily in one plane

Answer 34

Ginglymus joint

Question 35

Gliding; one plane with little movement

Answer 35

arthroidial joint

Question 36

Biaxial; two planes

Answer 36

condyloidal joint

Question 37

Saddle; thumb

Answer 37

Sellar joint

Question 38

Pivot, rotation around the long axis

Answer 38

trochoidal joint

Question 39

Concentric Contraction

Answer 39

shortening of a muscle while producing force, muscle force exceeds resistance, i.e. lifting dumbbell toward body

Question 40

Eccentric Contraction

Answer 40

engthening of a muscle while producing force, resistance overcomes muscle, i.e. lowering dumbbell, resisting weight

Question 41

Isometric Contraction

Answer 41

production of force with no change in fiber length

Question 42

Shock Absorption

Answer 42

time up, force down

Question 43

maximum acceleration

Answer 43

time up, force up

Question 44

abrupt change in direction

Answer 44

time down, force up

Question 45

6 Mechanical Components of a Lever

Answer 45

• Axis/Fulcrum:
• Rod:
• Motive Force: in concentric = muscle, eccentric = external force
• Resistance Force: in eccentric = muscle
• Force Arm: distance from fulcrum to force
• Resistance Arm: distance from fulcrum to resistance

Question 46

Work

Answer 46

force times distance (F)(d)