Exam 1

Question 1

the rest position of the lungs

lungs are infalted to 40% of total lung capacity

Answer 1

functional residual capacity (FRC)

Question 2

Parietal pleura

Answer 2

membrane that lines the thorax

Question 2

Define and give an example of intrinsic factors

Answer 2

• factors that the patient has less control over
• anatomic response of the vocal folds to mensturation

Question 2

Define and give an example of extrinsic factors

Answer 2

• factors to which the patient may be exposed
• exposure to cigarette smoke

Question 2

The degree of anteroposterior and lateral compression during phonation

Answer 2

supraglottic activity

Question 2

Numbers are assigned to attributes

1= normal 2= mild etc.

Answer 2

ordinal scale

Question 2

the degree of vocal fold movement during phonation

Answer 2

vocal fold mobility

Question 2

voice impairment and/or change in pitch, loudness, or quality

Answer 2

dysphonia

Question 2

• a judgement of how irregular and noisy the voice sounds
• it should relate to aperiodicity in the vibratory cycle

Answer 2

GRBAS roughness

Question 2

regularity of successive cyles of vibration during phonation

Answer 2

periodicity

Question 2

• imaging the larynx using a strobe light
• uses interrupted light to make objects appear as if they are moving in slow motion

Answer 2

laryngostroboscopy

Question 2

A frequency that is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency

Answer 2

harmonic

Question 3

the degree of movement from the medial to the lateral aspects of the vocal fold during phonation

Answer 3

amplitude of vibration

Question 3

a tool where a line is used with 2 defined endpoints and ratings can be placed on the line to define the magnitude of a sensation

Answer 3

visual analog scale

Question 3

3 registers

Answer 3

• Pulse- low end
• modal- fundamental frequency most commonly used by speaker
• falsetto- upper end

Question 4

What does CAPE-V stand for?

Answer 4

Consensus of auditory perceptual evaluation of voice

Question 5

Physiologically measures of relative noise levels measures what?

Answer 5

the overall stability of vocal fold vibration

Question 6

specific field within aerodynamics that studies the airflow and pressure that are produced during voice production and is considered an essential tool in the voice laboratory as part of the clinical voice evaluation

Answer 6

laryngearl aerodynamics

Question 7

How many items are on the voice related quality of life index?

Answer 7

10

Question 8

General methods for collection of aerodynamic signals

Answer 8

• circumferentially vented pneumotrachograph facemask
• differential pressure transducer

Question 9

visual display of a speech signal across time giving information about frequency and intensity in the display

Answer 9

spectrogram

Question 10

A method to gather comprehensive data about the entire range of fundamental frequencies and intensities that a patient can produce

Answer 10

voice range profile (VRP)

Question 11

Alveolar pressure is changed by 2 forces. Name and give an example of each type of force.

Answer 11

• Passive force-diaphragm returning to rest
• Active force- contraction of expiratory muscles

Question 12

A judgement of how compressed or hyperfunctional the voice sounds

Answer 12

GRBAS strain

Question 13

The degree to which the vocal folds move together during vocal fold closure during phonation

Answer 13

Phase closure

Question 14

What does the diaphragm do during inspiration?

Answer 14

it contracts, moving downward and flattens enlarging the chest cavity, pushing the ribs out

Question 14

4 categories of instrumental assessment

Answer 14

* Imaging * aerodynamics * acoustics * perceptual tools

Question 14

high-pitch audible noise typically heard during inspiration

Answer 14

stridor

Question 14

Physiologically, what does the measure of fundamental frequency reflect?

Answer 14

the number of vocal fold vibratory cycles per second

Question 14

Primary mechanism for increasing loudness

Answer 14

increasing subglottal pressure

Question 15

What is the position of the diaphragm at rest?

Answer 15

dome shaped

Question 17

Visual examination options

Answer 17

* mirror exam (can't assess VF movement) * Oral rigid laryngoscopy * Transnasal flexible laryngoscopy

Question 19

What would you use to assess vocal fold function during more complex vocal tasks?

Answer 19

transnasal flexible laryngoscope

Question 21

visceral pleura

Answer 21

membrane that lines the lungs

Question 22

identification of portions of the vocal fold that are not moving during phonation

Answer 22

non-vibratory portion

Question 23

assessment of the general impression of laryngeal function during phonation relative to a healthy laryngeal examination

Answer 23

overall laryngeal function

Question 24

What 2 kinds of information are obtaiend using acoustic analysis?

Answer 24

* vocal fold physiology * perception of voice

Question 26

technique designed for direct observation of vocal fold movement allowing high speed scanning up to 8000 frames/sec.

Answer 26

videokymography

Question 28

* reflects the acoustic power in the voice * related to a patient's ability to generate and maintain subglottal pressure * perceptually related to loudness

Answer 28

vocal intensity

Question 29

the behaviors that contribute to laryngeal injury, inflammation, and other forms of damage

Answer 29

phonotrauma

Question 30

measures that reflect the cycle to cycle variablity in the speech acoustic signal

Answer 30

short-term perturbation

Question 31

continued air pressure is developed and built up underneath the vocal folds at an amount great enough to displace the inertial property of the vocal folds at an amount great enough to displace the inertial property of the vocal fold tissue and sustain the vibration of the vocal fold over time

Answer 31

myoelastic aerodynamic theory

Question 32

a peak in the frequency spectrum of a sound cause by acoustic resonance

Answer 32

formant frequency

Question 34

The act of inspiration is always active or passive?

Answer 34

active

Question 35

Name 3 changes that may accompany a voice disorder

Answer 35

* quality * pitch * loudness

Question 37

the assessment of the degree of traveling wave that is present on the superior surface of the vocal fold during phonation

Answer 37

mucosal wave

Question 38

* A judgement of how much additional airflow is perceived * it should relate to higher minimum airflow during the clottal cycle

Answer 38

GRBAS breathiness

Question 39

* A 43 item questionnaire that gathers data from patients about their voice severity * 3 factors * impairment * emotional * physical

Answer 39

voice symptom scale (VoiSS)

Question 40

* the level of noise relative to the level of the harmonics or the periodic signal generated by vocal fold vibration * the relative level of nosie increases as the vocal fold vibration becomes irregular or if the vocal fold fails to completely close the glottis

Answer 40

Relative noise level

Question 41

What does the VHI measure?

Answer 41

perceptual handicap associated with a voice disorder

Question 43

* judgement of how rough the voice sounds

Answer 43

GRBAS- grade

Question 44

GRBAS stands for...

Answer 44

Grade Roughness Breathiness Aesthenia Strain

Question 45

the voice related quality of life index measures...

Answer 45

the social-emotional and physical aspects of voice problems in adults

Question 47

the amount of presure directly below the vocal folds developed by the respiratory system for voice production measured cm/H₂0)

Answer 47

subglottal air pressure

Question 48

the degree to which the vocal folds meet on the same vertical plane during phonation

Answer 48

vertical level of approximation

Question 50

allows examiner to see fine details of successive vocal fold movement in real time rather than the illusion of successive vibrations

Answer 50

high sped digital videoendoscopy

Question 51

What is the mechanism for changing pitch?

Answer 51

* vocal fold length- cricothyroid muscle

Question 52

the degree to which the vocal folds close during maximum adduction during phonation

Answer 52

glottal closure

Question 53

the total amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration

Answer 53

vital capacity

Question 54

a branch of science concerned with the study of gas motion in objects and the forces that are created

Answer 54

aerodynamics

Question 55

soreness or pain in throat following prolonged voice use

Answer 55

odynophonia

Question 56

degree to which the two vocal folds mirror eachothers' movement during phonation

Answer 56

Phase symmetry