Exam 1

Question 0

Which Hawaiian island still has volcanic activity and is thus the youngest?

Answer 0

The big island.

Question 1

Where did Dr. Mondor work in Hawaii?

Answer 1

Na Pali State Park, Kawai.

Question 2

What is Maui known for?

Answer 2

Pineapples, onions, agriculture.

Question 3

What did the use Molokai for?

Answer 3

Leper colony.

Question 4

Where is the wettest place on earth, and how much rainfall does it get per year?

Answer 4

Alakai Swamp, Kawai. 500 inches per year.

Question 5

What are the 6 major invasive species of Kawai?

Answer 5

Jungle fowl (moa), feral pigs (pua’a), mosquitos (makika), fire ants, yellow jackets, aphids.

Question 6

Where did the jungle fowl originate?

Answer 6

Captain Cook.

Question 7

Where did the feral pigs originate?

Answer 7

Captain Cook or the Polynesians themselves.

Question 8

Where did the Mosquitos originate, and where do the breed?

Answer 8

Tire shipments; rooting holes created by the pigs that fill with water.

Question 9

What are the Mosquitos a vector for?

Answer 9

Avian malaria.

Question 10

What percentage of Hawaii’s birds have been killed by avian malaria.

Answer 10

40%.

Question 11

What do aphids transmit?

Answer 11

Plant viruses.

Question 12

What virus is plaguing Hawaii’s trees?

Answer 12

Banana Bunchy Top Virus.

Question 13

What are the current CO2 levels? What are the projected CO2 levels for 2050? For 2100?

Answer 13

400ppm; 530ppm; 700ppm.

Question 14

How fast is ozone rising?

Answer 14

1.5% per year.

Question 15

Where is ozone good vs. bad?

Answer 15

Stratosphere, troposphere.

Question 16

What is FACE, and where is it located?

Answer 16

Aspen Free Air CO2 Enrichment, north Wisconsin.

Question 17

How much CO2 does FACE use per day?

Answer 17

50-60,000kg per day.

Question 18

What is the experimental unit Dr. Mom for uses for climate experimentation here?

Answer 18

AtmoSim 2100.

Question 19

What is the postmortem interval?

Answer 19

Time elapsed from death to discovery.

Question 20

What is the main decomposer of dead bodies?

Answer 20

Insects.

Question 21

What is the first insect to colonize a cadaver?

Answer 21

Blow flies.

Question 22

How far away can a blow fly detect a body?

Answer 22

10 miles.

Question 23

Where is the body farm located?

Answer 23

Knoxville, Tennessee.

Question 24

Insect development time is most influenced by these two factors:

Answer 24

Time and temperature.

Question 25

What pollutants does cremation release?

Answer 25

Dioxins and HCl.

Question 26

What are common embalming agents that end up in the soil?

Answer 26

Formaldehyde and methanol.

Question 27

What factors influence insect attraction/colonization?

Answer 27

Sun vs shade.

Question 28

How long ago did modern humans appear?

Answer 28

20,000 years ago.

Question 29

When did we hit 7bn people?

Answer 29

October 31, 2011.

Question 30

What are the different levels of ecological organization?

Answer 30

Organism, population, community, ecosystem biosphere.

Question 31

At what level does natural selection operate?

Answer 31

Organismal.

Question 32

What defines a species?

Answer 32

Population or populations that share certain characteristics and can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Question 33

What level includes the biotic and abiotic parts of the environment?

Answer 33

Ecosystem.

Question 34

What are the 3 major trophic levels?

Answer 34

Producers (autotrophs), consumers (heterotrophs), and detritivores + decomposers.

Question 35

Epiphytes growing on plants is an example of what kind of symbiotic relationship?

Answer 35

Commensalism.

Question 36

What are 3 defenses against predation?

Answer 36

Vigilance, cryptic colouration, and chemical defenses.

Question 37

What are chemical defenses such as toxins accompanied by?

Answer 37

Warning colouration.

Question 38

What are the four conditions required for natural selection to act on a population?

Answer 38

More individuals are born than can survive, there exists variation between offspring, this variation is heritable, and there exists competition.

Question 39

Interspecific competition occurs between:

Answer 39

Members of different species.

Question 40

Intraspecific competition occurs between:

Answer 40

Members of the same species.

Question 41

Speciation resultant from geographic isolation is:

Answer 41

Allopatric speciation.

Question 42

Speciation resultant from behavior is:

Answer 42

Sympatric speciation.