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HSS 422 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Apparently Healthy

A

Individual with no known disease or condition; low risk for CVD

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2
Q

Special population

A

Individual with known disease or condition; requires an adaptation and/or modification with exercise program

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3
Q

Robert Sallis

A

MD; former president of ACSM . He predicted that this generation of kids will be the first of the US to live shorter lives than their parents.

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4
Q

Hippocrates

A

Father of preventative medicine. He believed exercise could be used to preventatively disease and treat it.

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5
Q

Herodicus

A

An athlete/olympian and physician who influenced Hippocrates.

  • 1st use of therapeutic exercise for treatment of disease and maintenance of health
  • Father of SPORTS MEDICINE
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6
Q

Galen

A
  • Physician, surgeon, philosopher.
  • Believed surgery, drugs, regimen and exercise all contribute to health.
  • Believed in the 6 factors that must be kept in balance to prevent disease
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7
Q

Laws of Health

A
  1. Breathe fresh air (prescription: be outside, quit smoking..)
  2. Eat proper food and drink proper drinks (prescription: portion sizes, fruits and veggies, water)
  3. Exercise
  4. Get adequate sleep
  5. Daily bowel movements (high fiber diet/stay active)
  6. Control emotions (stress, be aware of pt. emotions)
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8
Q

Eastern History of Exercise and Disease

A

Tai Chi: used today with parkinsons (around since 200 BC)

Hua T’o

India: Yoga, Sushruta

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9
Q

Hua T’o

A
  • Chinese physician/surgeon and an advocate of exercise.
  • Exercise in MODERATION, not over point of exhaustion
  • Exercise should mimic tiger, deer, bear, monkey, crane and bird movements
  • Exercise to prevent sickness/disease, eliminate bad air from lungs, promote free circulation of blood, strengthen muscles, increase appetite, prevent old age
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10
Q

India History

A
  • 3000 BC ideas of proper diet and exercise were known to be essential
  • Yoga
  • Sushrata: FATHER OF SURGERY; concepts of acute exercise (one session), should be discontinued when breathing is labored. Chronic concepts: less likely to have obesity, mental alertness increased, excessive exercise can cause injury. One of the first persons to discover diabetes and the difference between type one and two.
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11
Q

Scope of Duties

A

Must know what falls in and outside of your scope of training. Sue/firing could result.
–it is illegal in Ohio for anyone except RD’s and MD’s to give nutritional advice

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12
Q

Code of Ethics

A

Hippocratic oath: always do what is best for the patients health–do no harm

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13
Q

Health appraisal

A

procedures used to assess the health status of an individual (stress test, resting HR, blood pressure)

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14
Q

Health Risk Assessment

A

Health questionnaire used to provide individuals with an evaluation of their health risks and quality of life. Incorporates: 1. an extended questionnaire 2. a risk calculation score 3. some form of feedback

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15
Q

Purposes of pre-participation health screening:

A
  1. ID of individuals with medical contraindications that require adaptations to exercise programs until conditions have been controlled or abated.
  2. Recognize individuals with diseases that need supervised while exercise throughout the program.
  3. It should be determined if the individual needs a health screening before participating in an exercise program.
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16
Q

PAR-Q

A

Most commonly used self screening tool that exists. A good way to determine ones own risk.

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17
Q

Professional Guided screening VS Self guided

A

Self guided should be done for ALL individuals wishing to start a PA program. The answers to the self guided methods determine the need for and degree of follow up by a qualified health/fitness, clinical exercise, or health care provider before starting the program.
-high risk symptoms/or diagnosed diseases should consult physician prior to beginning

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18
Q

Unknown FBG

A

Unknown fasting blood glucose levels
-only a risk factor if the individuals BMI is > or equal to 25 or greater than or 45 yo. Or those less than 45 yo with a BMI greater than or equal to 25.

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19
Q

Unknown CVD risk factor

A

IF the presence or absence of a CVD risk factor is unknown it should be counted as a risk factor except for pre diabetes.

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20
Q

High HDL

A

considered a negative risk factor. For individuals with an HDL > or equal to 60, one positive risk factor can be subtracted from the sum of positive risk factors.

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21
Q

Low Risk

A

Asymptomatic

and less than 2 risk factors

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22
Q

Moderate Risk

A

Asymptomatic or greater than or equal to 2 risk factors

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23
Q

High Risk

A

Symptomatic OR known CV, pulmonary, renal, or metabolic disease

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24
Q

SOAP

Study These Flashcards
A

Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan of Action

25
Subjective Data
medical history, signs and symptoms, exercise history, persons goals
26
Objective data
Measurable; measurements that confirm or refute possible causes
27
Assessment
making a list of problems * most important part | -determine the problems in order of importance
28
Plan
Considerations when designing a plan - medication effects - exercise dose-response - risks of training - costs and benefits - coordination among health care team - -FOLLOW UP
29
SMART
``` Acronym for reaching goals. Specific Measurable Attainable Realistic Time Oriented ```
30
Dose Relationship
Relating to the pattern of physiological response to varied dosage in which there is typically little or no effect at very low dosages and a toxic or unchanging effect at high dosages with the maxim increase in effect somewhere between the extremes.
31
Physiological Responses to Exercise
``` HR BP VO2 Respiratory rate Body composition Cardiac output ```
32
How do we measure dose in terms of exercise?
``` FITT-VP: Frequency Intensity Time Type Volume Progression ```
33
Dr. Haskel
- exercise physiology PhD - Came up with 220-age = max HR - Not very accurate - He said: the amount/volume of exercise seems to be more critical than intensity for: weight, bp and cholesterol - Intensity and duration are more important than the MODE of exercise
34
3 factors that determine the total dose of exercise:
1. Starting level (personal assessment and subjective and objective data) 2. Adaptability to training (ability to adapt) 3. Resistance to fatigue (VO2max, bike ergometer, 6 minute walk test)
35
Dr. Haskel's recommendations on percentage of time on activity for endurance, resistance and flexibility:
Endurance: 60-70% Resistance: 20-30% Flexibility: 10-20%
36
ACSM-AHA Physical Activity recommendations:
Healthy adults age 18-65 should engage in moderate intensity, aerobic PA for minimum of 30 minutes on 5d/week OR vigorous intensity aerobic for minimum 20 min for 3d/week (combinations can be performed as well) - can also be accumulated for 3 10 minute sessions - muscular strength: minimum 2d/week
37
Health vs. skill related fitness components
Health: Cardiorespiratory endurance, Body comp, Muscular strength and endurance, Flexibility Skill: Balance, coordination, power, reaction time, speed
38
METs
Metabolic equivalent task 1 MET = 3.5 ml O2/kg.min This number overestimates the VO2 value by 35%, and caloric expenditure by 20% 10 METs = 35 VO2
39
Frequency
sessions per week, per day and per month Recommended for improving CR fitness: -Moderate intensity: 5-7x per week for 30 minutes -Vigorous intensity: 3-5x per week for 20 minutes -combination
40
Volume
- CR exercise duration typically ranges from 20-60 mins - Can be broken down into 3 ten minutes sessions/day - Duration is DEPENDENT on intensity - higher intensity = shorter ex time - lower intensity = longer ex time
41
Amount of calories expended per week:
1200-2000 calories
42
Intensity
-Measured by % of VO2 reserve (more accurate than VO2max) Steps: 1. select target intensity range based on % VO2 2. provide the client with a means of monitoring the intensity such as by HR, workload, or RPE
43
Methods for monitoring exercise intensity
VO2 uptake: vo2max or vo2peak; the total o2 consumption of an individual is capable of attaining. METs: metabolic equivalent task. Not very accurate, but widely used. --a way to determine calories burned. HR: normal = 60-100 Lactate threshold Talk test RPE Pain Scales Breathlessness Scales
44
Studies show _____% increase in VO2 max in health individuals following _____ weeks of training
10-30% | 12-24 weeks
45
Normal VO2 max
30-45ml/kg.min
46
WHy do we do %VO2 reserve?
translates better to % HR Reserve units
47
RPE scales
Borg scale: 6-20 or 0-10 | Omni scales: picture scales
48
What is a cardiovascular disease?
Myocardial infarction Atherosclerosis (blockage and hardening of the arteries) Arteriosclerosis Hypertension
49
Manifestations of CVD:
- Acute coronary syndromes: angina pectoris, MI, or sudden death. - CVD: diseases that involve the heart and/or blood vessels (hypertension, VAD, PAD, artherosclerotic arterial disease) - Verebrovascular disease (stroke) - CAD: disease of the arteries that affect the heart - Myocardial ischemia: temporary lack of adequate coronary blood flow relative to myocardial oxygen demands (angina) - Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
50
10 important cardiac markers
``` Cholesterol/other lipids Coronary inflammation Blood clotting body weight/obesity BP Diabetes Metabolic syndrome Aerobic capacity smoking Personality ```
51
Lifestyle OR genetics
Lifestyle decisions play a bigger role in cardiac health for 80% of the population 10% of the pop are protected by good genetics in spite of a reckless lifestyle 10% of the pop will make good life decisions and still have an MI
52
_____ is a marker for inflammation
CRP
53
Goal of cardiac rehab
to stabilize, slow or reverse progression of CVD
54
Phases of Cardia Rehab
1. Inpatient (first 2-3 days) -overcoming deconditioned + education 2. Outpatient (as long as insurance will allow) -attend regular ex and ed classes pt is monitored via an ECG telemeter 3./4. Outpatient -- can be ongoing -maintenance phases 3-outpatient program 4-pt will do on their own
55
Normal responses to acute CV response to aerobic exercise
``` increased: HR SV Q BP Decreased: peripheral resistance ```
56
Normal responses to acute resistance exercise
``` INCREASED HR SV Q Systolic VP AND, diastolic during isometric contraction ```
57
Risks for exercising too hard/long or ignoring symptoms:
Myocardial ischemia (lack of O2 blood flow to the myocardium) Adverse cardiac event
58
Adjustments for this population
``` exercise at levels below symptom threshold (angina) Longer warm up/cool down Avoid exercise to fatigue Avoid exercise in extreme temperatures Avoid isometric strength exercise progress very gradually ```

HSS 422 (1 decks)

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