Exam 1

Question 1

Anthropology

Answer 1

Is the holistic and scientific study of humanity.

Question 2

Holism

Answer 2

The theory that the whole is greater than the sum of parts

Question 3

3 layers of symbolic meaning

Answer 3

1. Physical/material
2. Symbolic
3. Socially constructed

Question 4

4 fields of anthropology

Answer 4

1. Cultural
2. Archaeology
3. Physical/biological
4. Linguistic

Question 5

Cultural Anthropology

Answer 5

The study of contemporary human cultures.

Question 6

Applied Anthropology

Answer 6

component of anthropology that focuses

on resolving societal problems.

Question 7

Culture

Answer 7

patterns of learned and shared

beliefs and behavior

Question 8

Ethnography (culture writing)

Answer 8

descriptive study of
one culture, subculture,
or microculture based
on fieldwork.

Question 9

Thick description

Answer 9

reflex vs. gesture

Includes context when talking about behavior.

Question 10

Ethnology

Answer 10

The comparative study of cultures with the aim of presenting analytical generalizations about human cultures.

Question 11

archaeology

Answer 11

study of past cultures via material

remains.

Question 12

Linguistics

Answer 12

study of human

language and communication,

Question 13

Ethnolinguistics

Answer 13

linguistics which studies the relationship between language and culture

Question 14

Sociolinguistics

Answer 14

the study of how language serves and is shaped by the social nature of human beings

Question 15

Physical Anthropology

Answer 15

1. Study of human from biological perspective

2. Behavior Characteristics of Humans and nonhuman primates

Question 16

Emic

Answer 16

descriptive reports
about what insiders
say and understand
about their culture

Question 17

Etic

Answer 17

data gathering by
outsiders that yields
answers to particular
questions posed by
outsiders

Question 18

Cultural Relativism

Answer 18

The idea that cultural traits are best understood
when viewed within the cultural context of which
they are a part

Question 19

Absolute (Cultural Relativism)

Answer 19

whatever goes on in a
culture must not be
questioned by
outsiders

Question 20

Critical (Cultural Relativism)

Answer 20

poses questions about
cultural practices in
terms of who is
accepting them and
why.

Question 21

Ethnocentrism

Answer 21

opposite of relativism is ethnocentrism. When you
see the world using only your own categories and
meanings.

Question 22

Postmodernism

Answer 22

school of anthropology that advocates the
switch from cultural generalization and laws
to description, interpretation, and the search
for meaning

Question 23

Acculturation

Answer 23

form of cultural diffusion in which
subordinate culture adopts may of the cultural
traits of a more powerful culture.

Question 24

Impact study

Answer 24

methodology to review the social effects of infrastructure projects and other development interventions.

Question 25

Diffusionism

Answer 25

A theory that stated that certain cultural | features were invented originally in one or several parts of the world and then spread to other cultures

Question 26

Colonialism

Answer 26

a social system in which one society dominates another through political and economic force.

Question 27

3 levels of culture

Answer 27

1. Familial Culture 2. Subculture 3. Cultural Universe

Question 28

Ethnic Group

Answer 28

social group of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural, or national experience

Question 29

Types of human adaptation

Answer 29

1. Genetically 2. Developmentally 3. Physiologically 4. Via Culture & Technology

Question 30

Armchair Anthropology

Answer 30

Goal is prediction of behavior and beliefs-a focus on ‘other’ seemingly simple cultures.

Question 31

Structural-functionalism

Answer 31

culture is structured to meet needs of individual within society

Question 32

Ideal culture

Answer 32

mind/spirit determines human | nature. People consciously do as they please.

Question 33

Materialism

Answer 33

physical matter determines | human nature

Question 34

Paleoanthropology

Answer 34

the study of the origins and predecessors of the present human species, using fossils and other remains.

Question 35

Primatology

Answer 35

The study of the evolutionary fossil record of our nearest living relatives, and their behaviors.

Question 36

Human Variation

Answer 36

How and Why physical traits vary throughout the world.

Question 37

Archaeology

Answer 37

The study of the life ways of people from the past by analyzing the material culture they have left behind.

Question 38

Cultural Resource Management (CRM)

Answer 38

The study of human speech and language

Question 39

Historical Linguistics

Answer 39

The emergence of language in general and how specific languages have wandered over time.

Question 40

Descriptive Linguistics

Answer 40

The study of sound system, grammatical systems, and the meanings attached to words in specific languages.

Question 41

Ethnolinguistics

Answer 41

The branch of Anthropology that examines the relationship between language and culture. 11

Question 42

Sociolinguistics

Answer 42

Examines the relationship between language and social relations.

Question 43

Ethnography

Answer 43

the scientific description of the customs of individual peoples and cultures.

Question 44

Holism

Answer 44

The theory that the whole is greater than the sum of parts

Question 45

Ethnocentrism

Answer 45

evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.

Question 46

Cultural Relativism

Answer 46

Cultural relativism is an opinion that was established by Franz Boas

Question 47

Symbol

Answer 47

physical objects, colors, sounds, movements, scents which convey information through an arbitrary or culturally assigned meaning.

Question 48

Culture Shock

Answer 48

The psychological disorientation caused by trying to adjust to lifestyle/living condition changes

Question 49

Subculture

Answer 49

a cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger culture.

Question 50

Enculturation

Answer 50

acquiring culture after we are born

Question 51

Monochronic Cultures

Answer 51

Cultures in which time is organized sequentially; schedules and deadlines are valued over people.