Exam 1

Question 0

All origin myths are naturalistic.

Answer 0

False. Religious myths are not naturalistic.

Question 1

The “naturalistic” approach we’re taking in this class is the approach that assumes philosophy and science are contiguous.

Answer 1

True. Naturalistic is a way of looking at things scientifically.

Question 2

Cosmogony is the study of the origins of the universe.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A common theme of origin myths is that the universe is created in ex nihilo.

Answer 3

True. Ex nihilo means “out of nothing”.

Question 4

Some origin myths are used to justify a culture’s social order.

Answer 4

True - The class system in India.

Question 5

Scientists who study the origin of life believe it began about 5,000 years ago.

Answer 5

False - Life is estimated to begin about 3.5 billion years ago.

Question 6

Evolution aims to explain the origin, but not diversity of life.

Answer 6

False - Evolution explains different animals became different animals.

Question 7

Homo sapiens -our species- emerged around 100,000 years ago.

Answer 7

True.

Question 8

Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace are responsible for the idea of natural selection.

Answer 8

True.

Question 9

Advocates for the theory of psychological egoism believe that we (humans) are naturally selfish.

Answer 9

True.

Question 10

Francis Galton believed that human behavior had genetic and environmental components.

Answer 10

True.

Question 11

The case of Buck vs. Bell was overturned in 1942.

Answer 11

The Supreme Court has never specifically overturned Buck vs. Bell.

Question 12

You are the height you are because of the action of your genes alone.

Answer 12

False - The environment has a role as well as genetics. (More milk equals a taller kid)

Question 13

Evolutionary Biology has nothing to do with why we are the way we are.

Answer 13

False - Evolutionary Biology specifically studies the diversity of life.

Question 14

According to mereology, a physical object at one time is the same object at a later time so long as the object at the later time is composed of the same parts as the object at the earlier time.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

According to John Locke, any physical body is the same thing at a time t1 and a later time t2 so long as nothing has been added to or subtracted from it

Answer 15

True.

Question 16

For Locke, the identity conditions for lower animals and human beings (for Locke, “man”) are the same.

Answer 16

True.

Question 17

Personal identity, for Locke, consists in sameness of memory over time.

Answer 17

False - Locke defines personal identity as “the sameness of a rational being”

Question 18

For Locke, memory is a sufficient condition for personal identity.

Answer 18

False - new memories would cause a new person.

Question 19

Retrograde amnesia is the inability to encode new memories after onset.

Answer 19

False - Retrograde amnesia is the inability to access memories before the injury occurred.

Question 20

Three themes of origin myths are:

Answer 20

Ex nihilo: the creation of something out of nothing. Most common of all.
Chaos: we came from a mess
World Parent: Adam and Eve

Question 21

Scientists place the origin of life at approximately _______ years ago.

Answer 21

3.5 billion years ago.

Question 22

Francis Galton is responsible for __________

Answer 22

Modern Eugenics. Which is the control of populations through methods such as birth control.

Question 23

The country that, historically, had the most sophisticated eugenics program is:

Answer 23

The United States of America.

Question 24

For Francis Galton, nurture is:

Answer 24

"Every influence that affects him after birth"

Question 25

According to Evelyn Fox Keller, (the topic of nature vs. Nurture) _______

Answer 25

Nature and nurture cannot be separated.

Question 26

Heritability is:

Answer 26

A measure of the proportion of phenotypic attributable genetic differences.

Question 27

Evelyn Fox Keller's central problem in understanding the nature-nurture controversies is:

Answer 27

The persistence of the confusion between heredity and heritability. Heredity: passing on physical or mental characteristics from one generation to another. Heritability: is the proportion of observed differences on a trait among individuals of a population that are due to genetic differences.

Question 28

In the ship of Theseus problem, which account best explains how the ship is the same at time t1 and later time t2?

Answer 28

Spatio-temporal continuity

Question 29

John Locke's three substances are:

Answer 29

God, FINITE intelligence, bodies

Question 30

John Locke's principle of individuation is:

Answer 30

Existence

Question 31

John Locke believes : (in relation to the soul)

Answer 31

That the soul can inhabit different bodies at different times

Question 32

The narrative view of personal identity is that:

Answer 32

Our identities consist in the autobiographies we form for ourselves.

Question 33

Anterograde amnesia is:

Answer 33

The inability to encode new memories at onset.

Question 34

While at least three out of the four lobes of the human brain are involved in memory, much of memory processing happens in the:

Answer 34

Temporal Lobe

Question 35

The case of Jimmie R. Is a case of:

Answer 35

Anterograde amnesia due to deterioration of the mammillary body

Question 36

If a surgeon would remove part of your hippocampus, you would suffer from what?

Answer 36

Anterograde Amnesia

Question 37

Your memory of your first kiss is an an example of what?

Answer 37

Episodic Memory

Question 38

Memory full of facts and knowledge is called

Answer 38

Declarative Memory

Question 39

Memory for the performance of particular types of actions.

Answer 39

Procedural memory

Question 40

Memory that is classified as the memory that stores our general knowledge.

Answer 40

Semantic Memory

Question 41

John Locke's example of the prince and cobbler illustrates that:

Answer 41

Two souls can inhabit the same body at different times.

Question 42

Plants don't possess a personal identity through time because they:

Answer 42

Aren't finite intelligence.