Exam 1 Flashcards by Inkheart Wilde

Reliable means….

Consistent

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Validity means…

Accurate

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What is the min. no. of old manuscripts you must possess to consider it as reliable? (According to Historians)

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Koine is…

Common Greek language at the time of NT

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What are the 3 primary reasons Christians have killed?

1) Theological differences (e.g., the Catholic Church, Reformers, Anabaptists)
•(2) Finding unity in something other than Christ (e.g., the Rwandan genocide of 1994)
•(3) “Convert or die” (e.g., the Crusades)

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A mode of literary or historical analysis in which present-day ideas and perspectives are anachronistically introduced into depictions or interpretations of the past.

Presentism

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Homosexual relationship between an adult male and a pubescent or adolescent male.

Pederasty

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To help overcome our bias what are the steps we must take to overcome them?

Understand our own context, and embrace the cultural context of the biblical world

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What are the 10 Elements of Culture?

1) Language
2) Temporality
3) Territoriality
4) Exploitation
5) Association
6) Subsistence
7) Gender Differences
8) Learning
9) Play
10) Defense

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1 of the 10 Elements, concern is split into 2 subgroups:

Punctuality, allocation, maximum efficiency, rewards as incentives, & emphasis of dates and history, is more linear minded.
Vs.
Detail orientation over efficiency, a “Let come what may” outlook on life, completion to perfection is the reward itself, emphasis on “experiencing” rather than future, is more circular/cyclical/spiral/repetitive

a. Time Element

b. Time vs. Event Orientation

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What type of thinking?
Judgments are black/white

Security comes from feeling one is right, & fits into specific role/category

Info & experiences are systematically organized

Key words: Labeling/Stereotyping, binary, dualistic, scientific method

Dichotomous

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What type of thinking?

Judgements are gray, open-ended, whole person & all circumstances taken into consideration

Security comes from multiple interactions within society

Info & experiences are seemingly disorganized, details/events stand as independent points completely by themselves

Holistic Thinking

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The NT world seems to be more inclined towards dichotomous or holistic thinking?

Holistic

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Paul is often accused of being dichotomous or holistic thinking?

Dichotomous/Dualistic

-Which might be because Hellenistic/Greco-Romans were more Dualistic/Dichotomous

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Individual matters, but only insofar as it benefits the community

Being unique is insulting

Decision must be made by consultation by community

Goal of whole is greater than individual

Collectivism

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Community matter but only insofar as it benefits the person

Being unique is lauded

Decisions are made without consulting community

Goal of person is greater than whole

Individualism

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The NT would be more collectivist or individualist?

Collectivist

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External over Internal

Reaction to others’ criticism is personal chagrin at failure to obligations and expectations of others

Every person has a duty to society

Self-Respect made by choosing what is expected

Failure leads to aggression against yourself

Emphasis on self-denial & humility as ways of restoring social order

Honor/Shame

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Internal over External

Emphasis on punishment & forgiveness as ways of restoring moral order

There are absolute standards of morality within us

Confession may relieve you

Choosing what is “the good choice” over the “bad”

Guilt

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NT world was very inclined towards Guilt or Honor/Shame?

Honor/Shame

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Greek word that is translated to “drawing out” the meaning of a given scripture

Exegesis

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Term: How we read the Bible

Hermeneutics

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Term for things we think before we even know we think them/foundational belief

Presuppositions

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The ___s pov that states: God said it. I believe it. That is it.

Literalists

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What law states: ...If the only tool you have is a hammer... treat everything as if it were a nail

Maslow's hammer/The Law of the instrument

The most common hermeneutics Q: What does the Bible REQUIRE of me/us? Silence is prohibitive 16th c. John Calvin & Reformers Conclusion is reached on basis of evidence & reasoning

"Reformed" reading/Legal Document pov for the Bible

Difference between Imperatives & Indicatives

``` Imperatives = Commands Indicatives = Statements of Fact ```

Martin Luther's Sola Scriptura pov is characterized by...

Scripture alone is our guide

John Calvin's TULIP pov on the Bible stands for...

T- Total Depravity (humans are depraved & evil) U- Unconditional Election (God saves/elects whoever he pleases, grace is not earned) L- Limited Atonement I- Irresistible Grace P- Perseverance of the Sts. (Once saved always saved)

Was a lawyer by trade, read the Bible as a legal document, belief in opposition to Cath. Church

John Calvin

ARM happened in 19th c. sought to be neither Protestant nor Catholic

American Restoration Movement

Harding taught about 2 laws in the Bible: Moral vs. Positive | How were they different?

Moral Ls - were more natural & even non-christians could recognize/live by them Positive Ls - were not exactly moral, or natural, they were tests of devotion & loyalty

Moral or Positive Law? God shows grace when these laws are broken God desires us to break them, but he readily forgives them because we are merely human

Moral

Moral or Positive Law? God does NOT show grace when these laws are broken When we break these laws we show lack of devotion and/or loyalty I.e., these sins are unpardonable

Positive

This hermeneutic is... Read the Bible looking for key, ideas, themes, & principles The Bible is not about rules or laws but rather about providing IDEALS to live by

Principles

This hermeneutic is... If circumstance is right/wrong in the Bible then it is right/wrong today

Circumstantial

This hermeneutic is... Read the Bible in order to imitate certain characters

Character Imitation

This hermeneutic is... Bible's primary function serves to describe who God is & what creation is like The Bible functions to shape our character by shaping the way we see the world There is still an appreciation & adherence to commands

Character Formation

The hermeneutic: Character Formation believes in the Bible as 5 stages/Acts that are often called what?

Theodrama

Name the 5 acts in order for Theodrama

Stage/act 1 – Creation Stage/act 2 – Israel Stage/act 3 – the life, ministry, death, etc. of Jesus (God sent self) Stage/act 4 – the church (Us) Stage/act 5 – New creation/”heaven”/eternity

What are Augustine's Hermenuetical Guidlines?

Guide 1) Readers must be humble Guide 2) High value on authorial communicative intent Guide 3) Scripture is nonetheless open to polysemy Guide 4) Appeal to the "Double-love” commandment for interpreting all Scripture

The Newest book of the NT canon was probably...

Revelation

Even though there is Internal evidence that John the apostle wrote Revelation why is authorship still questioned?

Apocalyptic literature was often pseudepigraphical

Dionysius, Eusebius didn't believe that John wrote Revelation, but what are the external evidence that point to John as author of Revelation?

Some early church fathers agreed | (Justin Martyr, Irenaeus),

Revelation was probably written when?

during a time of persecution, either during Nero (AD 54-68) or Domitian (AD 81-96) BUT most think the latter, thus book was written c. AD 95

Characteristics of apocalyptic/revelatory literature: | there are 5

(1) Set in times of opposition to bring hope to the oppressed (2) Uses symbolism (beasts, numbers, etc.) to represent world powers and historical events (3) Primarily interested in mysteries & ending of the world (4) All is annihilated & God est. his kingdom (5) Often pseudepigraphical

How many chapters in Revelation are direct letters to the 7 churches of Asia?

Chap. 1-3

Outline the chapters of Revelation by order of topics

Chap. 1-3 – letters to 7 churches of Asia | Chap. 4-22 – apocalyptic

Name all 4 views to interpreting Revelation

Preterist, Historicist, Futurist, Idealist

The Idealist believes WHAT about Revelation

It is metaphorical Simply a series of symbolic pictures of timeless truths that reveal the end outcome: God wins Events depicted did not really happen, and will never happen; they simply tell a story

The Preterist believes WHAT about Revelation

Written at a particular time period and for a particular purpose (i.e., occasional) (during the 1st c) Most of the events depicted have already taken place Chs. 20-22 are exceptions, and about future

The Historicist believes WHAT about Revelation

Describing a long chain of events from the time of writing (c. AD 95) to the end of history Some events have already occurred but some are yet to occur -TODAY

The Futurist believes WHAT about Revelation

Describing the end times Events depicted will all occur right before the end/parousia Current events are studied in comparison to Revelation to determine if the end is near

Which combinations of the Preterist, Futurist, Historicist, and Idealist are normally complementary with each other?

The Preterist & Idealist will normally be complementary with each other The Futurist & Historicist will normally be complementary of each other

Name the 7 churches of Asia

Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Laodicea Philadelphia,

True or False | Each letter includes references to things that particular city was known for & the letter plays off of that

True

Laodicea was known for what?

Laodicea took its water from the hot springs of Hierapolis, but in the 6 miles of aqueduct, the water cooled to LUKEWARM.

The goal of the letters in Revelation to the 7 churches of Asia was...

To comfort the afflicted churches (e.g., Smyrna), and to | afflict the comfortable churches (e.g., Laodicea)

What Chapters of Revelation can be described by these points? The same events are described over and over (A spiral model) A style that is at least somewhat consistent with 1 John Different series of events described to approach the same conclusion: THE END Chap _ 7th seal opened, but followed by 7 bowls

a. Revelation Ch. 4-11 | b. Ch. 8

144,000 in ch. 7 is repeated over and over again. Back then N=numbers meant different things to the ancients than they do to us while we use them for precision; they often use them as more symbolic Thus, what is the symbolism meant with 144,000

A series of 12, that could be reference to the "faithful"

Chs. 12-19 are about...

Messages and prophecies that address the oppressive Roman state

Ch. 12 begins with...

Red dragon pursuing a pregnant woman

In heaven a battle is fought between WHO and other angels vs. the dragon that wants to kill the baby

Michael

Some say that the dragon was... | And the baby was...

Satan | Jesus

Many do not think the story about the angels and dragon is about Satan being cast from heaven. What are some of the theories that differ from the "Satan ones"

The king of Babylon or thriving Rome oppressing the christians

In Ch. 13 what are the 2 beasts coming from?

Ocean & Earth

The 2 beasts in chap. 13 were probably IMAGERY ALLUDING to what (OT) book chap. 7

Daniel 7

The 2 beasts could be interpreted as....

Oppressive governments

How many monsters are actually mentioned in Revelation? And what were they supposed to symbolize? [Hint: It is a "Satan theory" & is a historicist take on the "Beasts"]

a. Dragon, beast of Ocean, beast of Earth b. Dragon - Satan, and who gave his power to 1st beast (ocean) 1st beast/Ocean beast - Nero 2nd beast/Earth beast - Domitian/governors, magistrates, etc. who carry our Rome’s oppressive ways forcing people to worship the emperor cult and renounce Jesus/ The “anti-Christ”

Who served under Emperor Trajan?

Governor Pliny

What is the 2nd beast's job supposed to be (earth beast)?

To implement the worship of the first beast

Define Gematria

Letters have numerical equivalent

Gematria started with who?

Pythagoras

What was the Greek & Latin number versions for "the beast"

``` 666 = Greek 616 = Latin ```

The number of the beast was probably what Roman Emperor, though later it could have been Domitian to remind us of this infamous emperor.

Emperor Nero

What 2 cities in Revelation are ref. as whore/prostit/harlot?

Rome &/or Babylon

In Chap. 15-19 we have a repeating series of what number?

What is the most controversial part of Revelation (starting in 20:1-8), but is arguably not the most important part of Revelation.

Millennial Reign

What is the basic understanding of the Millennial Reign for whatever believer?

It is a 1000 year

Premillennialism

Jesus will reign on the earth for 1000 | years at his second coming; period comes after the tribulation

Postmillennialism

Jesus will return after a “Golden Age” | where Christian ethics prosper

Amillennialism/Now-millennialism/Realized | millennialism

Began at Pentecost, thus we live in this period now (thus 1000 years not literal) and Jesus will return Typically Preterist