Exam 1 Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
Socialization
A
The way media helps us understand how our surroundings work.
2
Q
Social Construction of Reality
A
While reality exists, media users negotiate the meaning of that reality
The same media product may mean very different things to different people.
3
Q
Example Social Construction of Reality
A
Music Video may elicit different responses from a 15yr old fan of the band and a parent concerned about stereotypically sexist images that may be in the video.
4
Q
Printing Technology
A
15th Century
5
Q
Cast Metal Type
A
Korea, Early 15th century
6
Q
Movable type media
A
Gutenberg, 1450
7
Q
First Newspaper in Europe
A
Early 17th Century
8
Q
The Penny Press
A
Early 19th Century
9
Q
Effect from the printing press in Europe
A
Promoted Literacy
10
Q
Effect of Inventing of the Telegraph and Telephone in the 19th Century
A
Allowed instantaneous communication over long distances.
11
Q
Phonograph
A
1877
12
Q
Cinematograph
A
1895
13
Q
LP record
A
1948
14
Q
Magnetic Tape
A
1920’s
15
Q
Personal Cassette Tape
A
1960’s
16
Q
VCR
A
1970’s
17
Q
CD
A
1980’s
18
Q
MP3, DVD, and other digital formats
A
1990’s
19
Q
What became the first broadcast medium in the early 20th century
A
Radio
20
Q
When were television sets introduced to U.S. households?
A
1940’s
21
Q
Narrowcasting
A
Developments in new media resulted in a move away from the mass broadcast audience toward smaller, more specialized niche populations
22
Q
How did Mass-media relate to politics
A
Most of our political knowledge is based on mass media
Participate in politics through media
23
Q
Electronic Hearth
A
Media products are connected to the ways we interact with other people on a daily basis
24
Q
Looking-glass self
A
Our sense of identity and individuality emerges from our social interaction with others
25
Relationships between institutions
Interaction between media industry and government
26
Relationships within an institution
Relationship between media producers and studios
27
Relationship between institutions and individuals
Relationship between media contents and audiences
28
Structure and Agency are core concepts of?
Sociology
29
Structure
Any recurring pattern of social behavior
| Limits the human agency
30
Example of Structure
Family Structure, Educational System, TV networks
31
Agency
Intentional and undetermined human action
| Structure limits the agency, but agency reproduces
32
Structure limits the agency, but agency...
Reproduces and changes social structure
33
Media Message/Product (Civil rights movement)
Media messages about the movement affect audience
| Audience interprets the meaning and significance of the message
34
Media Industry (Civil rights movement)
Industry creates messages about the event
| Norms of news influence media personnel
35
Readers/Audience (Civil rights movement)
Audiences use new technology to access media messages
Specific formats of technology influence audience's media use
36
Technology (Civil rights movement)
Technology affects industry practices
Industry makes use of new technology to cover the event
37
Economics Perspective on Media
Study of media production within the economic constraints
38
Media products are a result of?
Social and Economic process
39
Media products and Social and Economic process
Media products are not free-floating texts
Contexts include cultural and economic factors
40
Conglomeration
Media companies have become part of much larger businesses
41
Vertical Integration
Integrate all aspects of media
42
Ex of Vertical Integration
```
Talent Agencies
I
Film Studios
I
Movie Theaters
```
43
Complete Monopoly
The cost is controlled by the conglomeration
44
Horizontal Integration
Across the media
45
Ex of Horizontal Integration
Music Labels, Book Publishers, Film Studios
46
Consequences of Conglomeration
Integration and Self-Promotion
| Impact of Conglomeration on Content
47
Impact of Conglomeration on Content
"Hollywoodization" of news
| Possible homogenization of culture
48
Integration and Self-Promotion
Synergy
Cost Minimization
Profit Maximization
49
Effects of Concentration
Media Control and Political Power
| Media Owners' Influences on Media Contents
50
Media Control and Political Power
Concentrated media ownership often leads to political power
Media Outlets may promote specific political agenda of the owner
Media barons can easily become influential politicians
51
Ideology
System of meaning that helps define and explain the world and that makes value judgements about that world
52
Kavanagh "Ideology"
Social process that works on and through every social subject, that everyone is 'in,' whether or not they 'know' or understand it.
53
Ideological Analysis
Study of media images sent about the nature of the world, how it operates, and how it should be
54
Ideology as Normalization
Ideology defines what is being "normal" in society
55
Dominant Ideologies
Taken-for-granted, rarely questioned ideologies.
56
Rarely Questioned ideologies
Democracy, Capitalism, Christianity
57
Marxist vs. Ideology
Ideology as a powerful mechanism of social control whereby members of the ruling class imposed their worldview
58
Marxism
The relation between the realm of culture, including but not limited to ideas, and the realm of political economy (including production)
59
Ideology works as the opposite of?
Pragmatism, common sense, or even of "reality"
60
The New Momism
The old, "perfect mother" image resurrected
61
Celebrity motherhood
Set of ideas, norms, and practices, most frequently and powerfully represented in the media, that seem on the surface to celebrate motherhood, but which in reality promulgate standards of perfection that are beyond our reach.
62
Ideological Systems Structure
Our Social World (power, privilege)
Our "Judgement" of social norms (acceptable, unacceptable)
Social Subject-Fromation process (self identity, in group, out group)
Our notion of normalization
63
The Dominant Ideological System
Divides people up i various systems
Justifies privilege, property, access and protected rights
Manages material and immaterial contradictions
Creates systematic inequalities and antagonistic social relationships
64
Ideology works to (4)
1. Manage the implicit tensions in society without repressive mechanisms (police, army, courts)
2. Make dominant and subordinate class, perceive and understand the prevailing system of social relations as fundamentally fair on the whole (even if it hasn't done so well by them)
3. Make most people think any possible alternative is virtually impossible.
4. Manage social contradictions and reproduce class, as well as other, class relations
65
Dominant Ideology
A web of ideas that underpin a specific system of domination at a specific moment
66
Ideology is..
Unstable
67
Ideology and Popular TV
Dominantly white, upper middle class, happy, secure
Changed forward family conflict and struggle in the 1970s
Work family programs
New Momism
68
Mid 1970s TV Family
Family depicted as source of conflict and struggle as well as comfort and love
69
T or F: Shows change to define family demographic changing.
True
70
1990's TV
Popular programs were nostalgic
71
2000's TV
Dysfunctional families
72
Ideology in News
Limited Viewpoints
Most news favors the insiders (government, establishment) view.
73
Ideologies present in mainstream economic news
Focus on the activities and interests of investors and businesses
Economic crisis coverage
74
Economic crisis coverage
Top-down perspective (government and businesses)
75
Focus on the activities and interests of investors and businesses
"pro-business" as being normal
"pro-labor" as being deviant
76
Ideology in our daily lives
Makes unequal social relationships that are culturally constructed and historically specific seem natural and inevitable
Makes highly politicized ways of seeing living in the world seem commonsensical and arguments against the established social order seem illogical and/or impractical
77
Multitask
the use of more than one medium concurrently
78
Fused Media and Society
society as we know it is fused media
79
Medium
Media plural
80
Reader/User VS. Receiver/Audience
Active role reading content user=feedback
81
Net Neutrality
To ensure equal to access internet through legislation
82
Culture Shock
Ways that we are not socialized in the ways and norms of a specific culture
83
Moral Panic
Entertaining engaging stories that promote this widespread expectation of danger.
84
The Five Dominant Companies
Time Warner, The Walt Disney Company, Viacom, News Corporation, and Bertelsmann
85
The Big Six Motion Picture Companies
Universal Pictures, Viacom's Paramount Pictures, Time Warner's Warner Bros., Walt Disney Studios, News Corporations 20th Century Fox, Sony Pictures Entertainment
86
Top Book Publishing Companies
Penguin Random House
HarperCollins
Machete Book Group
Macmillan
87
Top US Magazine
Time Inc.
88
Top Recorded Music
Universal Music Group
Sony Music Entertainment
Warner Music
89
Top Radio
Clear Channel
90
Example of Conglomeration
AOL buying Netscape, Compuserv, Netscape, Moviefone, MusicNow, and The Huffington Post
91
Vertical Integration
Process by which one owner acquires all aspects of production and distribution of a single type of media product.
92
Example of Vertical Integration
Movie company acquiring talent agencies to acquire scripts and sign actors, production studios to create films, manufacturers to produce DVDs
93
Horizontal Integration
One company buys different kinds of media, concentrating ownership across differing types of media rather than up and down through one industry.
94
Example of Horizontal Integration
Media conglomerates assemble large portfolios of magazines, TV stations, book publishers, record labels to support one another's operations.
95
Media Pluralism
The degree to which there is diversity in media content readily available to audiences.
96
The Homogeneous Hypothesis
A proposition to be studied
97
Vertical Diversity
The range of actors mentioned and the degree of disagreement within a single newspaper
98
Horizontal Diversity
The differences in content between two newspapers.
