Exam 1

Question 1

What are the 2 protective layers of the Earth?

Answer 1

1. Magnetosphere
2. Stratosphere
3. Mesosphere (less important)

Question 2

Origin/Source of magnetosphere & from what does it protect the earth?

Answer 2

Origin in the Earth’s core.

Protects earth from solar wind which will strip away the atmosphere, gamma radiation, and x-ray radiation.

Question 3

Origin/Source of Stratosphere & from what does it protect the earth?

Answer 3

Origin: solar radiation reacting with O2.

Protects Earth from UVC, UVB, and about 92% of UVA radiation, through Ozone cycle.

Question 4

Origin/Source of Mesosphere & from what does it protect the Earth?

Answer 4

Origin: Earth’s crust.

Protection by burning up most incoming meteors before they can strike.

Question 5

Define Adiabatic Lapse Rate

Answer 5

Air rising

Question 6

What is a pyrometer?

Answer 6

Measures solar radiation.

Question 7

What is a anemometer?

Answer 7

Measures wind velocity

Question 8

What is a flow meter?

Answer 8

Measure volume of flow through a channel

Question 9

What is a wind vane?

Answer 9

Measures wind direction

Question 10

What is the only hazard that our infrastructure faces that is not caused by hydrology?

Answer 10

A Solar Flare, which is a mass ejection of matter and radiation from the sun that can destroy electric transmission grid. Magnetosphere would be overwhelmed.

Question 11

What is name of material that builds up in drinking water pipes that causes failure?

Answer 11

Tubercules

Question 12

Name of tides that occur when moon is at 1st & 3rd Quarter?

Answer 12

Neap tides

Question 13

Define watershed

Answer 13

Area flowing to single outlet

Question 14

Fr < 1

Answer 14

Subcritical Flow. Energy predominantly gravity/depth

Question 15

Fr > 1

Answer 15

Supercritical Flow. Energy predominantly velocity

Question 16

Fr = 1

Answer 16

Critical Flow.
Flow at greatest efficiency.
One depth, one energy

Question 17

Definition of Streams

Answer 17

Conduits that move water from areas of higher elevation to areas of lower elevation. Stream dissipates energy.

Question 18

Streams characterized by steep slopes, few meanders

Answer 18

Young streams

Question 19

Streams with gentler slopes, some meanders

Answer 19

Middle Age

Question 20

Streams with very flat slopes, slow flow and broad sweeping meanders, oxbow lakes

Answer 20

Old Age

Question 21

Define Tributary

Answer 21

Smaller stream that flows into a larger stream

Question 22

Define Distributary

Answer 22

Stream that splits from its main channel into two or more channels, usually in a delta

Question 23

Define a Delta

Answer 23

Region near the mouth of the stream

Question 24

Define Thalweg

Answer 24

Line along the deepest part of the channel

Question 25

Define Meander

Answer 25

A loop in a stream that dissipates energy by increasing the distance that water must travel along its course

Question 26

Define Oxbow

Answer 26

A meander that has been cut off from the main channel

Question 27

Define Slackwater

Answer 27

The lowest part of the floodplain and often the part of the floodplain most distant from the main channel.

Question 28

Define Floodplain

Answer 28

Area adjacent to the bank that can be inundated during high flow events

Question 29

Layers of Earth

Answer 29

1. Lithosphere 2. Asthenosphere 3. Mesosphere 4. Liquid outer core 5. Solid inner core

Question 30

Structure of the atmosphere

Answer 30

1. Troposphere 2. Stratosphere 3. Mesosphere 4. Thermosphere 5. Exosphere

Question 31

Depth of troposphere

Answer 31

0-9 miles

Question 32

Depth of stratosphere

Answer 32

9-28 miles

Question 33

Depth of mesosphere

Answer 33

28-53 miles

Question 34

Depth of thermosphere

Answer 34

53-87 miles

Question 35

Define Natural Levee

Answer 35

Highest part of the floodplain directly adjacent to the bank

Question 36

Parts of floodplain

Answer 36

1. Bedrock 2. Alluvial Deposits 3. Natural Levees 4. Main Channel 5. Slackwater

Question 37

Define Interception

Answer 37

Precipitation never reaches the ground surface. Precipitation evaporates. Considered a loss

Question 38

Define Depression Storage

Answer 38

Precipitation reaches the ground surface. Water does not reach a stream. Precipitation evaporates. Considered a loss

Question 39

Define Infiltration

Answer 39

Precipitation moves into the soil matrix

Question 40

Define Interflow

Answer 40

Water infiltrates and flows through the soil matrix to a stream. Vadose Zone

Question 41

Cubic Feet to Gallons

Answer 41

1 cubic foot = 7.48 gallons

Question 42

Calculate Watershed Slope

Answer 42

(85% elevation - 10% elevation)/(0.75 *Flow Length)

Question 43

Square miles to acres

Answer 43

1 square mile = 640 acres

Question 44

Gallon of water to pounds

Answer 44

1 gallon water = 8.345 pounds

Question 45

Mile to chains

Answer 45

1 mile = 80 chains

Question 46

Chain to feet

Answer 46

1 chain = 66 feet

Question 47

easterly wind direction

Answer 47

From east

Question 48

Uniform color code WHITE?

Answer 48

Proposed excavation

Question 49

Uniform color code PINK?

Answer 49

Temporary survey markings

Question 50

Uniform color code RED?

Answer 50

Electric

Question 51

Uniform color code YELLOW?

Answer 51

Gas, oil, steam, petroleum or gaseous materials

Question 52

Uniform color code ORANGE?

Answer 52

Communication

Question 53

Uniform color code BLUE?

Answer 53

Potable water

Question 54

Uniform color code PURPLE?

Answer 54

Reclaimed water, irrigation

Question 55

Uniform color code GREEN?

Answer 55

Sewer and drain lines

Question 56

Name of tide during full and new moon

Answer 56

Spring tide

Question 57

ITCZ

Answer 57

Intertropical Convergence Zone

Question 58

Cell created by polar easterlies

Answer 58

Reverse Hadley Cell

Question 59

Cell created by prevailing westerlies

Answer 59

Ferrell

Question 60

Cell created by Northeast Trades

Answer 60

Hadley Cell

Question 61

Cell created by Southeast Trades

Answer 61

Hadley Cell