exam 1

Question 1

working definition

Answer 1

study of entities too small to be seen with the unadied human eye

Question 2

golden age questions

Answer 2

causes fermentation
causes disease
how can we prevent infection and disease

Question 3

Louis Pasteur

Answer 3

father of modern microbiology

pasteurization, fermentation

Question 4

sugar fungus that makes beer

Answer 4

saccharomyces cerevisiae; yeast

Question 5

what is the most important microbe found

Answer 5

yeast

Question 6

triad of health

Answer 6

host - chiropractic
environment - public health
agent - allopathic

Question 7

robert koch

Answer 7

etiology
anthrax
tuberculosis

Question 8

first time bacterium was proven to cause disease

Answer 8

koch - anthrax

Question 9

handwashing

Answer 9

semmelweis

Question 10

antiseptic

Answer 10

lister

Question 11

infection control, epidemiology

Answer 11

snow

Question 12

smallpox vaccine, immunology

Answer 12

jenner

Question 13

fever associated with handwashing

Answer 13

puerperal fever

Question 14

cholera transmission in water - person

Answer 14

john snow

Question 15

cowpox lesions prevented smallpox - person

Answer 15

jenner

Question 16

spongiform ensephalopathy

Answer 16

eroding nervous tissue and leaving the brain full of sponge-like holes

Question 17

processes of life (4)

Answer 17

growth, reproduction, responsiveness, metabolism

Question 18

taxis

Answer 18

movement associated with responsiveness

Question 19

list prokaryote characteristics

Answer 19

No nucleus
circular DNA
small, simple
No organelles
Bacteria and Archaea

Question 20

list eukaryote characteristics

Answer 20

Have Nucleus
Linear DNA
Large, complex
Have organelles
Algae, protozoa, fungi, animals and plants

Question 21

what is the gelatinous, sticky substance surrounding the outside cell; what is it composed of

Answer 21

glycocalyces; capsule - firmly attached to cell surface & prevent bacteria from being recognized; slime layer - loosely attached to cell surface & allows prokaryotes to attach to surface

Question 22

what is responsible for moving a bacteria cell (taxis)

Answer 22

flagella

Question 23

are flagella present on all bacteria

Answer 23

no

Question 24

what is a sticky, bristlelike projection on bacteria

Answer 24

fimbriae

Question 25

what serves an important infunction in biofilms

Answer 25

fimbriae

Question 26

what allows bacteria to adhere to one another

Answer 26

fimbriae

Question 27

what are known as conjugation pili

Answer 27

pili

Question 28

what mediates the transfer of DNA from one cell to another (conjugation)

Answer 28

pili

Question 29

what on bacteria provides structure, shape and protects from osmotic forces

Answer 29

cell wall

Question 30

what is the bacterial cell wall made of

Answer 30

peptidoglycans

Question 31

what are the two types of bacterial cell walls

Answer 31

gram (+) and gram (-)

Question 32

how do you differentiate between gram (+) and gram (-)

Answer 32

the cell wall

Question 33

which bacterial cell wall has a thick layer of peptidoglycans and teichoic acids

Answer 33

gram (+)

Question 34

what do teichoic acids do

Answer 34

makes walls more rigid

Question 35

gram (+) stain color

Answer 35

purple

Question 36

what bacterial cell wall has a thin layer of peptidoglycans

Answer 36

gram (-)

Question 37

which cell wall has a bilayer membrane composed of liposaccharides

Answer 37

gram (-)

Question 38

where is Lipid A found

Answer 38

gram (-) cell walls

Question 39

what is the function of Lipid A in gram (-)

Answer 39

triggers fever, vasodilation, inflammation, shock, blood clotting

Question 40

gram (-) stain color

Answer 40

magenta

Question 41

the 3 passive processes

Answer 41

diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis

Question 42

the 3 active processes

Answer 42

active transport, group translocation (glucose)

Question 43

what is it called when in a hypertonic solution, when water goes out of the cell and cell shrinks

Answer 43

crenation

Question 44

definition of osmosis

Answer 44

the transport of water between cell membrane

Question 45

where are nutrients stored in abundance

Answer 45

inclusions

Question 46

what is the most enduring and resistent cell

Answer 46

endospore

Question 47

which two organisms can produce endospores

Answer 47

genus bacillus and clostridium

Question 48

main unit of prokaryote; then subunits

Answer 48

70S; 30S and 50S

Question 49

main unit of eukaryote; two subunits

Answer 49

80S; 40S and 60S

Question 50

exception of eukaryote ribosomes

Answer 50

in mitochondria and chloroplasts, it has 70S ribosomes too

Question 51

what cells lack cell walls

Answer 51

animals and some protozoan

Question 52

what cells have cell walls

Answer 52

fungi, algae, plants, and some protozoa

Question 53

what is liquid imported into the cell

Answer 53

pinocytosis

Question 54

what is solid imported into the cell

Answer 54

phagocytosis