Exam 1

Question 1

Which sequence represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization, from smallest to largest?

Answer 1

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 2

Which of the following is a type of biomolecule found in the human body?

Answer 2

carbohydrates
 proteins
 lipids
nucleotides
ALL OF THE ABOVE

Question 3

Blood is a type of _______ tissue.

Answer 3

connective

Question 4

The _______ system makes and releases hormones.

Answer 4

endocrine

Question 5

Interstitial fluid

Answer 5

is extracellular fluid found outside of the circulatory system

Question 6

Which of the following variables are controlled to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 6

Core body temperature.
 Blood glucose levels.
 Blood pH.
 Ion concentrations.
ALL OF THE ABOVE

Question 7

If you go outside in Utah without a coat in January your body temperature will ______ and your body will use _______ to _______ your body temperature back to the set point of 37°C.

Answer 7

decrease : negative feedback : increase

Question 8

Every cell in our body ______.

Answer 8

is surrounded by a plasma membrane.

Question 9

The nucleus:

Answer 9

contains DNA.
is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope.
synthesizes ribosomes.
ALL OF THE ABOVE

Question 10

There are 2 types of endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The rough endoplasmic reticulum looks bumpy in appearance because it is studded with ______ which is where protein synthesis takes place.

Answer 10

ribosomes

Question 11

During protein synthesis:

Answer 11

every three nucleotides on mRNA codes for an amino acid.
tRNA brings the proper amino acids to the ribosomes.
ribosomes catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids.
ALL OF THE ABOVE

Question 12

The golgi complex collects, modifies and packages cell products for secretion. Based on this information what type of cell would you expect to have the most golgi complexes.

Answer 12

a pancreatic cell that secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

Question 13

What organelle contains catalase, an oxidative enzyme that helps detoxify cellular wastes like hydrogen peroxide?

Answer 13

peroxisome

Question 14

You would expect cells that require a lot of ATP, like cardiac muscle would have lots of _________.

Answer 14

mitochondria

Question 15

Cilia and flagella are made of microtubules and play and important role in ________.

Answer 15

cellular movement

Question 16

Intermediate filaments are a diverse group of permanent ropelike fibers that play and important role in:

Answer 16

suspension of organelles

Question 17

_____ are impermeable cell junctions while _____ are communicating cell junctions

Answer 17

Tight junctions : gap junctions

Question 18

______ are the functional groups found on proteins that contain nitrogen.

Answer 18

Amino

Question 19

The making of lactose in the mammary gland from glucose and galactose is an example of a(n) __________ reaction where _______ is used and _______ is released.

Answer 19

dehydration synthesis : energy : water

Question 20

Which of the following is a polysaccharide that is not digested in our small intestines?

Answer 20

cellulose

Question 21

We store carbohydrates in our muscle and liver cells in the form of the polysaccharide______.

Answer 21

glycogen

Question 22

We store energy in the form of_______ in our adipose tissue.

Answer 22

triglycerides

Question 23

Which of the following type of lipid is amphipathic?

Answer 23

Phospholipid

Question 24

When a protein denatures:

Answer 24

the protein becomes inactive.

the protein unfolds losing its quaternary and tertiary structure.

Question 25

Enzymes:

Answer 25

decrease the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur. tend to have only a few or a single substrate. catalyze a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. bind to the substrate forming an enzyme substrate complex before forming the product. ALL OF THE ABOVE

Question 26

______ is the nucleotide that cells use to transfer energy.

Answer 26

ATP

Question 27

_____ is the process by which six carbon glucose is broken down into two three carbon pyruvates.

Answer 27

Glycolysis

Question 28

_____ takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.

Answer 28

Krebs cycle

Question 29

______ is where the vast majority of ATP is made by the mitochondria.

Answer 29

Electron transport chain

Question 30

If oxygen is not available cells will convert ______ to _______ to regenerate NAD for glycolysis.

Answer 30

pyruvate : lactate

Question 31

_______ on the inner membrane of the mitochondria allows hydrogen ions back into the matrix and that provides the energy needed to produce ATP from ADP and Pi.

Answer 31

ATP synthase

Question 32

During a long term fast your liver will synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors like amino acids and glycerol by a process called _______.

Answer 32

gluconeogenesis

Question 33

When amino acids are catabolized for energy production the nitrogen is excreted as the waste product ______.

Answer 33

urea

Question 34

Plasma membranes are made up of lipid bilayers that spontaneously form due to the amphipathic nature of ________.

Answer 34

phospholipids

Question 35

Which of the following components of the plasma membrane form ion channels?

Answer 35

proteins

Question 36

The presence of ________ in the plasma membrane can increase the fluidity of the membrane.

Answer 36

cholesterol

Question 37

Which of the following solutes is found in higher concentrations in intracellular fluid than extracellular fluid?

Answer 37

Potassium

Question 38

Comparing intracellular to extracellular fluid, the intracellular fluid has a ________ charge relative to the outside of a cell due to the presence of more ________ in that solution.

Answer 38

negative : anions

Question 39

Sodium:

Answer 39

is positively charged

Question 40

Potassium'’s electrical gradient:

Answer 40

opposes its chemical gradient

Question 41

At rest cells:

Answer 41

have less sodium in their intracellular fluid than the extracellular fluid.

Question 42

Which of the following substances will have the fastest passive diffusion rate across the plasma membrane?

Answer 42

a nonpolar molecule like oxygen

Question 43

Decreasing the ________ would increase the diffusion rate of oxygen.

Answer 43

diffusion distance

Question 44

Which of the following statements about osmosis is NOT correct?

Answer 44

If red blood cells (RBC) are placed in a hypertonic solution, water will enter the RBC and cause them to burst.

Question 45

The concentration of glucose in enterocytes (epithelial cells lining the small intestine) is higher than the concentration of glucose in the blood stream. Glucose is transported by ________ when it is transported into the bloodstream from enterocytes.

Answer 45

facilitated diffusion

Question 46

The sodium potassium pump or ATPase that pumps 3 sodium out of the cell for every 2 potassium it pumps in is a form of:

Answer 46

primary active transport.

Question 47

The concentration of glucose in the lumen of the intestine is lower than the concentration of glucose in the enterocytes (epithelial cells lining the small intestine), if the sodium potassium pump is inhibited by the drug phloridzin then no glucose is absorbed into the enterocytes. Therefore glucose is transported by ________ when it is absorbed into enterocytes from the intestine.

Answer 47

secondary active transport

Question 48

Vesicular transport is the process by which cells bring in or release large amounts of solutes or large particles. Which of the following is the vesicular transport method that neurons use to release large amounts of neurotransmitters at once?

Answer 48

exocytosis

Question 49

Vesicular transport is the process by which cells bring in or release large amounts of solutes or large particles. Which of the following is the vesicular transport method that white blood cells would use to engulf a bacterial cell?

Answer 49

phagocytosis