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Pharm Drugs > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Mimetics

A

Stimulates the system in question

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2
Q

Lytics

A

Block the system in question

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3
Q

Terminal neurotransmitters of sympathetic neurons is

A

Norepinephrine (adrenergic)

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4
Q

Terminal neurotransmitters of parasympathetic neurons is

A

Acetylcholine (cholinergic)

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5
Q

All ganglionic synapses used ______ as does terminal synapses of somatic nerves

A

Achtylcholine

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6
Q

Medullary Outflow

A

Organs innervated by cranial CNS

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7
Q

Sacral outflow

A

Caudal CNS innervates lower organs

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8
Q

Cotransmission

A

Neurons that can respond to more than one neurotransmitter

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9
Q

Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine

A

Achtylcholinesterase

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10
Q

Muscarinic Signs (DUMBELS)

A

Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bradycardia/Bronchoconstriction, Emesis, Lacrimation, Salivation

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11
Q

Bethanechol

A

Direct acting parasym.
muscarinic agonist
stimulates detrusor mucsle to contract

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12
Q

Indirect acting Parasympathetic

A

group of drugs that acts to inhibit acetylcholinesterase

“acetylcholinesterase inhibitors”

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13
Q

Neostigmine

A

Reversible, indirect acting parasym. mimetic
stimulates GI motility
treat myasthenia gravis

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14
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Reversible, indirect acting parasym. mimetic
stimulates GI motility
treat myasthenia gravis
longer acting than Neostigmine

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15
Q

Edrophonium

A

Reversible, indirect acting parasym. mimetic
“Tensilon test” to differentiate between myasthenia gravis from cirsis
keep atropine on hand

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16
Q

Carbamate

A

Reversible, indirect acting parasym. Insecticide.

DUMBELS, then CNS excitement. Crosses BBB

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17
Q

Organophosphate

A

Irreversible indirect acting parasym. Mimetic

DUMBELS, then CNS excitement. Crosses BBB. slow to metabolize

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18
Q

Atropine

A

Direct acting parasym. lytic.
nonspecific muscarinic antagonist.
treat Bradycardias. treats carbamate and organophosphate toxicity.

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19
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Direct acting parasym. lytic. nonspecific muscarinic antagonist.
Treat Bradycardias
longer duration than atropine. No BBB

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20
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Direct acting parasym. lytic

urinary antispasmodic

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21
Q

Catecholamines

A

Endogenous substances that act as hormones and neurotransmitters

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22
Q

Epinephrine

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A

Direct acting symp. mimetcs
activates all adrenergic receptors.
Vasopressor

23
Q

Norepinephrine

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A

Direct acting symp. mimetcs.
increases MBP, vasoconstrictor
sloughs tissue

24
Q

Dopamine

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A

Direct acting symp. mimetcs
effects vary by dose.
dilates vascular beds- inotropic and chronotropic on heart- vasoconstriction
very short t1/2, sloughs tissue

25
Dobutamine
Direct acting symp. mimetcs, sythentic Catcho. positive inotrope short t1/2
26
Isoproterenol
Direct acting symp. mimetcs, synthetic Catcho | treats bradyarrhythmia or bronchoconstriction
27
Phenylephrine
A-1 agoinst | treats hypotension/shock - vasoconstriction
28
Rectopramine and Zylpaterol
B-1,2,3 agonists | "Partitioning agents"- finishing drug for food animals
29
Albuterol/Salbutamol
B-2 agonist treats asthma and COPD. Sal- combined with steroid
30
Clenbuterol
B-2 agonist equines with COPD restricted in food animals
31
Terbutaline
B-2 agonist human approved poor oral bioavailability in equines
32
Isoxsurpine
B-2 agonist peripheral vasodilator tocolytic in cattle
33
Phenylpropanolamine
Mixed symp. mimetic | treats urinary incontinence
34
Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine
Mixed symp. mimetic causes vasoconstriction, cardiac stimulation, bronchodiliation, urinary sphincter contraction, mydriasis. component of Ma Huang
35
Phenoxybenzamine
Direct acting symp. lytic irreversibly binds Alpha antagonist treats urinary retention and manages pheochromocytoma
36
Prasozin
Direct acting symp. lytic. A-1 antagonist. | treats urinary retention
37
Beta Blockers
Beta adrenergic antagonists
38
Indirect acting Sympathomimetics
CNS effects: Behavior modification
39
Propanolol
non-selective beta antagonist | causes bradycardia. large first-pass effect
40
Metoprolol
``` B-1 antagonist. treat Methylxanthine (chocolate) toxicity ```
41
Atenolol
B-1 antagonist causes Bradycardia. about 50% is excreted unchanged in feces and urine. Better choice for asthma patients
42
Esmolol
B-1 antagonist No BBB, short duration. less membrane stability than propanolol
43
Sotalol
non-selective beta blocker, Class III anti-arrhythmic. | prolongs cardiac action potential
44
Reserpine
indirect acting symp. lytic. | blocks NE uptake, leads to mediator depletion
45
Main inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS
GABA
46
NANC transmission
Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic. | occurs without acetylcholine or epinephrine
47
most potent NANC transmitter
NO- Nitric oxide. | smooth muscle relaxant and vasodilator
48
Neuromuscular blockers are only used in
Anesthesia, to relax skeletal muscles
49
Succinylcholine
depolarizing NMB. | two phases that cause paralysis without inhibiting consiousness
50
competitive NMB (non-depolarizing)
Pancuronium, Atracurium, Vecuronium, | Recuronium
51
Recuronium
very fast onset and is terminated by chelation like, sugammadex
52
Sugammadex
Chelations with cyclodextrins that inhibit Rocuronium
53
Species differences in drug effects
Anatomical differences, physiological, biochemical differences, pharmacodynamics, Ectotherms vs mammals

Pharm Drugs (1 decks)

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