Exam 1

Question 1

what is resolution

Answer 1

sharpness/detail of an image

Question 2

what are xrays

Answer 2

light–> energy–> not created only change forms

Question 3

what kind of energy are xrays

Answer 3

electromagnetic

Question 4

short wavelengths have

Answer 4

high energy

Question 5

long wavelengths have

Answer 5

low energy

Question 6

xrays are defined as having

Answer 6

no mass, no charge, velocity

Question 7

how are frequency and wavelength related

Answer 7

inversley

Question 8

what is the wave equation

Answer 8

speed of light= wave lengthxfrequency

Question 9

short wave length must have what kind of frequency

Answer 9

higher freq

Question 10

what is a heterogenous xray beam

Answer 10

mixed rays with different wavelengths

Question 11

xray density is also known as

Answer 11

blackness

Question 12

if the xray interacts with the film what is created

Answer 12

blackness

Question 13

if the xray does not interact with the film

Answer 13

whiteness

Question 14

blackness vs whiteness =

Answer 14

differential absorption

Question 15

how are radiographic density and anatomic density related

Answer 15

inversley

Question 16

which particle is least likely to cause double strand DNA to break

Answer 16

xrays

Question 17

how is electromagnetic radiation produced

Answer 17

by a charged being accelerated and then decelerated

Question 18

what other light is exactly like xrays only has a different origin

Answer 18

gamma rays

Question 19

which particle has mass

Answer 19

alpha

2 protons
2 neutrons

Question 20

ionization of alpha particle can be stopped by

Answer 20

paper

dead skin

Question 21

alpha particles are only dangerous/ionizing if

Answer 21

swallowed or inhaled

Question 22

alpha particles cause what kind of DNA damage

Answer 22

double strand

no way to repair

Question 23

xrays cause what kind of DNA damage

Answer 23

indirect
single strand damage
second stand able to repair the damaged

Question 24

what particles are negatively charged

Answer 24

beta particles

Question 25

what is a direct effect

Answer 25

ionization of atomic DNA | few ionizations over long distance

Question 26

what does indirect effect cause

Answer 26

formation of free radiclas

Question 27

direct effect of xray occurs

Answer 27

in a DNA molecule

Question 28

indirect effect of xray exposure is

Answer 28

free radical production

Question 29

which particle is the most biologically damaging

Answer 29

alpha particles | they are so ionizing the give up their electrons in a short distance

Question 30

which production process produces xrays when electrons shift binding energy levels

Answer 30

characteristic

Question 31

What does bremsstrahlung mean?

Answer 31

Braking

Question 32

What is the tube made of

Answer 32

Pyrex

Question 33

As the shell number increases what happen to electron affinity

Answer 33

It weakens the further out you go

Question 34

What are the layers of electron shells in the characteristic method?

Answer 34

K L M N O P

Question 35

Which layer on characteristic method requires the most energy to displace the electron from orbit?

Answer 35

K she'll

Question 36

What is the amount of every to displace at the k shell?

Answer 36

69.53 kpv

Question 37

Where does electron displacement occur?

Answer 37

Any level but the k is the only one with enough power to matter

Question 38

What type of wave length do the shells create?

Answer 38

All but k create long wave lengths

Question 39

In characteristic method what does the cathode electron do?

Answer 39

Kicks the k shell electron out of orbit

Question 40

Once the k shell electron is removed what happens

Answer 40

The empty spot is filled with an electron from a further out shell

Question 41

The process of dropping from high energy to lower energy produces what

Answer 41

A photon

Question 42

What kvp must you set the machine to get a picture

Answer 42

70 kvp

Question 43

How many useful X-rays are produced from tungsten?

Answer 43

``` 5 all other transitions occur simultaneously but have very low energy. So low it won't make it to the film L-->k M-->k N-->k O-->k P-->k ```

Question 44

What happens in the bremsstrahlung method?

Answer 44

Electron passes near nucleus + field charge of nucleus acts on electron Causes electron to decelerate and deflect KE lost this emits a photon

Question 45

How many X-rays are produced depending on the kvp?

Answer 45

Zero to whatever the kvp setting is

Question 46

Majority of X-rays will be what percent of the peak level set

Answer 46

30%

Question 47

Which X-ray production process occurs when high speed electrons slow or stop

Answer 47

Bremsstrahlung

Question 48

Which X-ray production process requires at least 70kvp in a tungsten target to produce useful X-ray

Answer 48

Characteristic

Question 49

Which production process is responsible for the majority of xrays in a beam?

Answer 49

Bremsstrahlung Because characteristic only produces 5

Question 50

What is the highest possible kip for characteristic?

Answer 50

69.3kvp

Question 51

What are the two types of current.

Answer 51

Ac and dc

Question 52

What type of power is distributed by power companies?

Answer 52

Ac

Question 53

What current produces X-rays?

Answer 53

Doc

Question 54

What are the four types of rectifiers

Answer 54

Half wave Full wave single phase 3 phase High freq

Question 55

What is the difference between single phase and three phase?

Answer 55

Single has one wire | 3phase has three

Question 56

Where are 3phase machines found

Answer 56

Hospitals

Question 57

What is ALARA

Answer 57

As low as reasonably achievable

Question 58

Which machine has 30-50% less patient exposure?

Answer 58

High freq

Question 59

What is the purpose of a rectifier?

Answer 59

Change ac to dc

Question 60

What is the most affordable and has the least patient exposure?

Answer 60

High freq

Question 61

Which side of X-ray has the fewest X-rays?

Answer 61

Anode

Question 62

Which side is fuzzy and dark

Answer 62

Cathode

Question 63

Which side is geometrically sharp and light?

Answer 63

Anode

Question 64

Where should anode be for 14x36 ap full spine

Answer 64

Up

Question 65

Anode for ap t spine

Answer 65

Up

Question 66

Anode for lat lumbar

Answer 66

Up

Question 67

Anode for lat tspine

Answer 67

Down

Question 68

Anode for lay cervical

Answer 68

Doesn't matter

Question 69

Anode for ap femur

Answer 69

Down