Exam 1

Question 1

What is a normal respiratory rate?

Answer 1

12 to 24 breaths per minute

Question 2

List the BMI categories

Answer 2

Underweight – less than 18.5,
normal – 18.5 to 24.9,
overweight – 25 to 29.9,
obese – greater than 30

Question 3

Distinguish between acute and chronic pain

Answer 3

Acute pain – less than six months duration

Chronic pain – more than six months duration

Question 4

Which type of pain is from tissue damage?

Answer 4

Nociceptive (somatic)

Question 5

Which type of pain is from direct injury to PNS or CNS?

Answer 5

Neuropathic

Question 6

Which type of pain is from anxiety, depression, social norms?

Answer 6

Psychogenic

Question 7

Which type of pain has no identifiable cause?

Answer 7

Idiopathic

Question 8

What pulse rate is considered tachycardic, and which is considered bradycardic?

Answer 8

Tachycardia – greater than 100, bradycardia – less than 60

Question 9

Which layers of the eye are considered protective?

Answer 9

sclera and cornea

Question 10

Which layers of the eye are vascular?

Answer 10

Choroid, ciliary body, Iris

Question 11

Which layers of the eye are visual?

Answer 11

Retina and lens

Question 12

What layers comprise the angle of the eye?

Answer 12

The fold between the cornea and iris (forming the anterior chamber)

Question 13

What is a sand sensation in the eye often indicative of?

Answer 13

Viral infection

Question 14

What is the purpose of the pinhole test?

Answer 14

It eliminates refractive error

Question 15

Explain the numbers in “20/20 vision”

Answer 15

Numerator – distance in feet from patient to chart

Denominator – distance in feet at which a person with excellent vision would see the same letter

Question 16

What is presbyopia?

Answer 16

A diminished ability to see near objects with age

Question 17

Which disease of the eye causes a narrowing of the visual field?

Answer 17

Glaucoma

Question 18

What is bitemporal hemianopsia?

Answer 18

A blindness in the periphery of visual field due to lesion on optic chiasm

Question 19

What is homonymous hemianopsia?

Answer 19

Blindness in right or left visual field due to lesion posterior to chiasm

Question 20

What is an Amsler grid?

Answer 20

A test for loss of central vision as in macular degeneration

Question 21

What is a tonometer?

Answer 21

An instrument that measures intraocular pressure

Question 22

What is a normal intraocular pressure?

Answer 22

10 to 20 mmHg

Question 23

What is a nystagmus?

Answer 23

Unintentional movement of eye back-and-forth

Question 24

What is esotropia?

Answer 24

An inward turning strabismus (lazy eye)

Question 25

What metabolic disease causes exophthalmos?

Answer 25

Graves' disease (Hyperthyroidism)

Question 26

What is icterus?

Answer 26

Yellowing of the eye as in jaundice

Question 27

Damage to which cranial nerve causes incomplete closure of eyelid?

Answer 27

Seven (Bells palsy)

Question 28

What does an increased iris shadow imply?

Answer 28

Angle closure glaucoma

Question 29

Which cranial nerve is tested when assessing corneal sensitivity?

Answer 29

Trigeminal (V)

Question 30

What is PERRLA?

Answer 30

Pupils equal, round, reactive to light, and accommodating

Question 31

What is a Marcus Gunn pupil?

Answer 31

Afferent pupil defect (pupil fails to remain constricted after light directly applied)

Question 32

What disease is Argyll Robertson pupil associated with?

Answer 32

Neurosyphilis

Question 33

List five components of the eye seen during ophthalmoscope portion of eye exam

Answer 33

``` Red reflex +4 Cornea, lids, AC +20 Retina +0 Optic disc and vessels Macula ```

Question 34

What is an Argyll Robertson pupil?

Answer 34

Pupils accommodate (constrict) when looking at near object but do not react (constrict) when looking at bright light

Question 35

What part of the eye does a cataract effect?

Answer 35

Lens

Question 36

List two antibiotics known to interfere with hearing

Answer 36

Gentamicin and streptomycin

Question 37

Compare sound lateralizations between conductive and sensory-neruro hearing in the Weber bone conduction hearing test

Answer 37

In conductive hearing loss sound lateralizes to worse ear | In sensorineural hearing loss sound lateralizes to better ear

Question 38

What do Kernig's sign and Brudzinsky's sign test for?

Answer 38

Meningitis

Question 39

What are leukoplakias erythoplakias?

Answer 39

Premalignant oral lesions that may progress to elevated plaques that ulcerate

Question 40

What are the two leading risk factors for oral cancer?

Answer 40

Tobacco and alcohol use

Question 41

When should you refer a patient for biopsy of a suspicious oral lesion?

Answer 41

When the red or white lesion has persisted longer than two weeks, or in the case of a non-healing mouth sore that bleeds easily

Question 42

What are benign bony protrusions in the pallet or mandible called?

Answer 42

Tori

Question 43

Which type of edema is pitting, usually bilateral, with thickened skin and ulcerations?

Answer 43

Orthostatic edema

Question 44

Which type of edema is usually unilateral, non-pitting, progresses from soft to hard?

Answer 44

Lymphedema

Question 45

Name all 13 lymph nodes and know their location

Answer 45

Occipital, posterior auricular, preauricular, tonsillar, submandibular, submental, superficial cervical, deep cervical, posterior cervical, supraclavicular, axillary, epitrochlear, inguinal