Exam 1 Flashcards
(38 cards)
Quantitative
Numerical Measurements
Qualitative
Descriptions
Inductive Logic
Make a general Hypothesis after observing a specific occurance
What are the steps of the scientific method?
- Observation
- Question
- Hypothesis
- Prediction
- Test/Expirement
What are the 6 Elements that make up 98% of matter?
- Oxygen
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Nitrogen
- Sulfur
- Phosphorus
What is an Isotope?
Isotopes have the same # of protons in the nucleus of their atoms, but different # of neutrons
What is an Ionic bond?
One atom steals an amount of electrons from another atom
What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?
Polar covalent bonds share the electrons unequally. Non-polar covalent bonds they share the bonds equally
Why are water molecules Polar?
Because the electrons spend a much larger amount of time with the hydrogen nucleus than with the Oxygen atoms.
How can water molecules form hydrogen bonds?
The Hydrogen desires to get rid of its 1 electron and Oxygen wants to gain 2 more electrons.
Why does water have a high heat capacity?
Because when heat is absorbed hydrogen bonds break apart and give it more room to move.
Why does water have a high heat of vaporization?
It requires a lot of energy to break apart multiple hydrogen bonds.
Why is water sticky?
Because of the hydrogen bonds give it a charge at the oxygen atom.
How to identify a substance as hydrophobic or hydrophilic
Look at the OH bonds. if there are some, Hydrophilic, if not, Hydrophobic.
What does amphipathic mean?
A substance which is partially hydrophillic and hydrophobic
What are the four major classes of macro-molecules?
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
Which of the four classes are able to form Polymers?
Carbohydrates, Proteins and Nucleic acids
What is carbohydrates function?
To transport stored energy, they are a source of stored energy, they are structural molecules and they are signaling molecules
How are Monosaccharides joined together?
When one of the two mono loses a HO molecule and the other loses an H molecule and fuse together
What types of bonds hold Monosaccharides together?
A Glycosidic bond
What is the function of starch?
Starch breaks down and converts into Glucose for energy.
What is the function of Glycogen?
Glycogen is the secondary storage of energy, the first being fats held in adipose tissue.
What is the function of Cellulose?
In plants it helps with structure, with humans it is a much needed source of fiber.
Why do humans need cellulose?
Cellulose helps clear out the digestive tract and helps prevent constipation.
