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THER 230 PTA > EXAM #1 > Flashcards

EXAM #1 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 4 scales used in the Bobath approach article?

A
  • Berge balance scale
  • Motor assessment scale
  • Stroke impact scale
  • Stroke impairment assessment set
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2
Q

Which approach worked better in the article?

A

The Bobath approach had better results

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3
Q

What are some common symptoms of neuro impairments?

A
  • Impaired strength
  • Muscle tone
  • ROM
  • Sensation
  • Balance
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4
Q

What are some pediatric neuro complications?

A
  • Down’s syndrome
  • Cerebral palsy
  • Spina bifida
  • TBI
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5
Q

What is a key thing to be aware of when treating kids vs adults with neuro conditions?

A

Attention span, kids have a shorter one, and to make it fun for both but especially children

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6
Q

How can positioning help someone with neuro problems?

A
  • Improves head and trunk control
  • Accommodates for lack of muscle control
  • Provides postural alignment
  • Decreases high tone
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7
Q

What affects can handling a neuro patient provide?

A
  • Increases or decreases tone
  • Calm or excite
  • Increases strength
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8
Q

What are some examples of hypotonia?

A
  • Floppy
  • Flaccid
  • Ataxic
  • Athetoid
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9
Q

What are some examples of hypertonia?

A
  • Mild/mod spasticity
  • Clonus
  • Rigidity
  • Ataxic
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10
Q

What causes abnormal tone?

A

Damage to any part of either the brain or the tracts in the spinal cord or the muscle and nerves themselves

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11
Q

What is a stretch reflex?

A

It is when the muscle spindle is stimulated causing the muscles to contract

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12
Q

What is the corticospinal tract for?

A

It is the descending tract

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13
Q

What is the biggest representation in the body?

A

The hand and face

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14
Q

What is a feedback mechanism?

A

Brain-spinal cord-muscle spindle-GTO and then back up

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15
Q

Where do the tracts cross over in the body?

A

In the medulla, Then it goes down the corticospinal tract (descending)

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the midbrain?

A

To smooth over unwanted or ridged movements

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17
Q

What does the spinothelamic tract do?

A

It carries information from the spine to the thalamus

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18
Q

What are some examples of a UMN syndromes?

A
  • Brain injury
  • CVA
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Parkinson’s
  • Seizures
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19
Q

What are some signs of UMN Syndromes?

A
  • Exaggerated movements
  • Colonus
  • Babinski
  • Weakness
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20
Q

What are some LMN Syndromes?

A
  • Polio
  • Trauma
  • Guillain Bare
  • Tumors
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21
Q

What are some signs of LMN syndromes?

A
  • Weakness
  • Atrophy
  • Hyporeflexia
  • Fasciculations
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22
Q

What is the optimal position for sitting?

A
  • Hips 90
  • Knees 90
  • Feet flat on floor
  • Lumbar curve
  • Head aligned with shoulders
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23
Q

What are some facilitation techniques when handling low tone?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Contact over agonist
  • Quick stretch to the muscle
  • Distraction at the joint
  • Tapping or stroking muscles
  • Movement in functional patterns
24
Q

What are some inhibition techniques when handling high tone?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Contact over the antagonist muscle
  • Avoid palm or sole contact
  • Compression to the joint
25
When do you facilitate?
With low tone
26
When do you inhibit?
With high tone
27
Who was PNF developed by?
Kabatt, Knott and Voss
28
What does PNF stand for?
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation = Hold and relax
29
What are 5 essential components of PNF?
- Body position and mechanics - Quick stretch - Manual resistance - Joint facilitation - Timing of movement
30
What is the stretch reflex used for?
To increases output to muscle
31
What does manual resistance do?
Increases motor output
32
What are the 3 main causes of strokes?
- Thrombosis - Embolus - Hemorrhage
33
What does Epidemiology mean?
Stats related to the disease
34
What is the mechanism of a stroke?
Atherosclerosis is formation of plaque > vessel narrowing > stenosis, ulceration of lesions, thrombus > emboli
35
What makes up to 57-60% of all strokes?
Thrombus - a clot made by plaque that clots and artery
36
Where in the brain is the most common place for a stroke?
In the middle cerebral artery
37
What is a hemorrhage?
A brain bleed
38
What are some signs and symptoms of a anterior cerebral artery infarct?
- Contralateral hemiparesis - Sensory loss - Incontinence - Left side neglect - Apraxia
39
What are some signs and symptoms of a middle cerebral artery infarct?
MOST COMMON - Contralateral hemiplegia - Sensory deficit in UE and face - L = aphasia - R = Neglect - No vision in one eye
40
What are the signs of a internal carotid artery infarct?
- Coma | - Death
41
What are the signs of a posterior cerebral artery infarct?
- Contralateral hemianesthesia - Loss of vision in one eye - Tremors - Memory loss
42
What are the signs of a vertebrobasilar arty infarct (basilar region)?
- Occipital head ach - Coma - Double vision - Locked in syndrome
43
What are the signs of a Vertebrobasilar Artery Infarct: (Vertebrobasilar Region)
- Visual loss - Facial numbness - Sensory loss - Weakness
44
What is the synergy patterns for UE?
FLEXION - Scapular retraction/elevation - Shoulder external rotation - Shoulder abduction to 90 - Elbow flexion - Forearm supination - Wrist/finger flexion
45
What is the synergy pattern for LE?
EXTENSION - Hip extension/ adduction/ internal rotation - Knee extension - Ankle plantar flexion and inversion
46
What are some complications following a stroke?
- Abnormal posture - Positioning - Spasticity - Impairment of speach
47
What are some motor programming deficits in a left hemisphere stroke?
- Role in sequencing - Difficulty with initiating movement - Harder to learn tasks - Apraxia
48
What are some motor programming deficits with a right hemisphere stroke?
- Role in sustaining movement | - Difficulty with movement and posture
49
What is RSD?
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy -Warm, red, glossy skin, stiffness, contractures
50
What are some early CVA rehab goals?
- Maintain ROM - Promote active movement - Increases functional mobility - Initiate self care
51
What are some therapeutic exercises?
- Stretching - ROM - Endurance training
52
What are some good modalities?
Hands and heat | -Ice is good for flaccidity
53
What are some facilitation and inhibition techniques in the acute phase of rehab?
Should be 10-15 minutes long, with family and should include: - Tactile: lots of contact - Auditory: frequent talking - Visual stimulation: Decorate room - Proprioceptive: ROM/positioning
54
What to do with patient in the sub acute phase?
- Wrap limbs in warm blanket - Rocking - Proper positioning - Never use force
55
Goal s for late phase of rehab?
- Assist patient with goals - Improve patients time management skills - Motor planning ability

THER 230 PTA (11 decks)

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