Exam 1 Flashcards
(140 cards)
Functions of the blood
Transport oxygen and nutrients for cell metabolism
Removal of cellular waste
Maintains homeostasis
Tunica intima
Endothelial layer (inner layer)
Tunica media
Layer of smooth muscle that controls the diameter of the blood vessel (middle layer)
Tunica Adventita
Outer CT layer and contains elastic and collagen fibers
Vasa Vasorum
Tiny blood vessels that supply blood to thewalls of arteries and veins
pH of blood
7.35-.45
How many liters of blood does the adult body contain
5
Hematocrit
Proportion of cells in blood (indicates viscosity)
Plasma
Clear yellowish fluid remaining after cells have been removed
Serum
Fluid and solutes remaining after cells and fibrinogen have been removed
Where do blood cells originate?
Red bone marrow
Dyscrasia
Disorders involving cellular components of blood
Erythrocytes
Biconcave, flexible discs that are non-nucleated when mature and contain hemoglobin
Erythropoietin
A hormone originating from kidneys that stimulate production of erythrocytes in red bone marrow in response to hypoxia
Hemoglobin consists of
Globin, two pairs of amino acid chains, four heme groups which contain iron atoms which oxygen can attach
Oxyhemglobin
Bright red; oxygenated
Deoxyhemoglobin
Dark or bluish red color and is found in venous blood
5 types of WBCs
Lymphocytes Neutrophils Basophils Eosinophils Monocytes
Lymphocytes
B and T lympocytes significant in the immune response
Neutrophils
Most common leukocytes. First response to any tissue damage and commence phagocytosis. Increase in numbers during bacterial infection
Basophils
Migrate from blood and enter tissue to become mast cells that can release histamine and heparin
Eosinophils
Combat the effects of histamine. Increased during allergic reactions and parasitic infections
Monocytes
Can enter tissue to become macrophages, which act as phagocytes when tissue damage occur
Thrombocytes
Also known as platelets
Not cells; small, irregularly shaped, non-nucleated fragments from large megakayocytes