Exam 1 Flashcards by Vanessa Mercer

Edward titchener

Structuralism

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William James

First American psychologist

Stream of consciousness

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Behaviorism

Study of behavior and it’s environmental determinants

Pavlov dog salvation test

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Psychoanalysis

Study of the unconscious aspects of mind

Freud

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Cognitive psychology

Study of the mental processes involved in knowing how thoughts influence behavior

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Neurobiological approach

Study of the brain and nervous system and how they interact

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Evolutionary psychology

Adaptations

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Cross-cultural approach

Can only understand behavior in the context of culture, ethnicity and gender

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Representative sample

Good representative of population (difficult to get)

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Convenience sample

Most used
Participants who are available to be researched
Biased because doesn’t represent population well

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Independent variable

Being manipulated

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Dependent variable

Gets the impact

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Experimental group

Gets experimented on/changed

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Control group

Comparison group

Nothing done to them

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Random assignment

How participants get assigned to groups

Looks like population

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Experimenter expectancy

An experimenter’s ideas and beliefs before a study may impact experiment

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Confirmation bias

Tendency to see results in line with your hypothesis

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Demand characteristics

Subtle clues that an experimenter might give off to research subjects that impacts the study

Orne crazy classroom study

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Hawthorne effect

Company that tried to increased productivity. Employees became aware, reacted, then went back

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Selective attrition

When subjects drop out of subject pool

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Belmont report

Respect for persons
Benefits > cost
Equal rights in research

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Informed consent

Must tell subject idea of study

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Freedom from coercion

Not allowed to pressure someone into being subject

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Deception

Not allowed to deceive unless you tell subject after

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Debriefing

Experimenter has to explain study AFTER to subject

Nerve cells (neurons)

Half of brain's volume

Glial cells

Speeds up communication between neurons Holds neurons in place, feeds and removes waste

Sensory neurons

Brings sense to brain

Motor neurons

Brain sends to body

Interneurons

Everything else

Dendrites

Receive info from other nerve cells

Cell body

Where info gets processed

Axon

Sends info out

Presynaptic terminal

End of neuron

Resting potential

Negative charge inside cell

Post synaptic potentials

Voltage change at a receptor site on a postsynaptic cell membrane

Excitatory PSP

Depolarizes (makes it less negative) | DECREASES action potential

Inhibitory PSP

Hyperpolarizes (makes more negative) | INCREASES action potential

Action potential

Voltage spike Positive ions in, negative ions out Cell becomes temporarily permeable Triggers release of neurotransmitter

Synapses

Junctions between neurons Impulse must travel across

Agonist

Blocks/slows down trip take Facilitates neural communication

Antagonist

Increases action of neurotransmitters Speeds up the reuptake process Blocks receptor sites

Acetylcholine

Memory, motor functioning at body level, attention

Norepinephrine

Wakefulness/alertness, circadian rhythms

Dopamine

Motor behavior at brain level, learning, AWARD, Parkinson's disease

Seratonin

Emotion, depression, anxiety, sleep/dreaming, appetite

GABA

PRIMARY INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMITTER

Glutamate

Primary excitatory neurotransmitter

Endorphins

Relief of pain, pleasure

Central nervous system

Brain and spinal cord

Somatic nervous system

Senses and muscles

Autonomic nervous system

Internal organs

Sympathetic nervous system

Activates

Parasympathetic nervous system

Calms

CAT

X-Ray of brain

MRI

Can clearly identify structures of brain

EEG

Electrodes placed on scalp to monitor brain activity

PET

Inject radioactive sugar to see active parts of the brain

fMRI

MEI scanner used to see a FUNCTIONS of blood change and activity in brain

Brain stem

Life support, heart rate, respiration

Cerebellum

Simple learning, coordination, balance

Pons

Arousal, sleep, heart rate, respiration

Medulla

Heart rate, respiration

Reticular activating system

Attention

Hypothalamus

Hunger, appetite, growth, hormones, sexual arousal/responses

Hippocampus

Memory

Amygdala

Emotional arousal

Thalamus

Relay station, signals pass through

Basal ganglia

Movement, behavio

Occipital lobe

Vision

Parietal lobe

Skin senses

Temporal lobe

Hearing processes

Frontal lobe

Motor function, organization and planning

Hemispatial neglect

Only detect part of body

Prosopagnosia

Can't detect faces

Corpus callosum

Fibers that connects L&R hemispheres of brain

Left hemisphere

Step by step processes (language, writing)

Right hemisphere

Parallel (all-at-once) processing (perception of space, emotion, music and artistic ability)

Awake

Alpha (relaxing) and beta (alert)

Stage 1 sleep

Theta

Stage 2 sleep

Spindles, K complex

Stage 3 sleep

Delta activity

Stage 4 sleep

Delta

REM sleep

Beta (looks like awake)

Alcohol

Depressant Works on GABA system Dopamine makes it pleasurable

Barbiturates

Reduces anxiety, induced sleep. GABA system affected

Caffeine

Stimulant | Releases glutamine - stimulant

Nicotine

Works acetylcholine system

Wilhelm wundt

Father of modern psychology Introspection

Exam 1 Flashcards

(89 cards)