Exam 1

Question 1

also known as ‘consequentialism’?

Answer 1

teleological approach

Question 2

analysis based on rules and principles?

Answer 2

Deontological approach

Question 3

what are the two major branches of ethical analysis?

Answer 3

Teleological (based on outcomes)

Deontological (based on rules and principles)

Question 4

What are the four approaches to ethical analysis?

Answer 4

Utilitarian approach
Individual Rights Approach
Justice and Fairness Approach
Virture approach

Question 5

“greatest good for greatest number” represents which approach?

Answer 5

Utilitarian

Question 6

Pleasure = good
Pain = evil
who said it?

Answer 6

Jeremy Bentham

Question 7

Two classes of pleasure
1. lower (animal)
2. higher (uniquely human)
who said it?

Answer 7

John Stuart Mill

Question 8

What ethical approach is based on intent?

Answer 8

Individual rights approach

Question 9

respect for persons?

Answer 9

individual rights approach

Question 10

freedom, choice and dignity?

Answer 10

individual rights approach

Question 11

Who is known for the Right Approach?

Answer 11

Kant

Question 12

Deontology is also known as what?

Answer 12

Kantiasm

Question 13

“The intention behind an action (rather than its consequences) is what makes an action good” who feels this way?

Answer 13

Kant

Question 14

“There is therefore but one categorical imperative, namely, this: act only on that maxim whereby thou canst at the same time will that it should become universal law”

Answer 14

Kant

Question 15

Who is known for the categorical imperative?

Answer 15

Kant

Question 16

What are the three formulations of the categorical imperative?

Answer 16

1. act only on maxims which you can will to be universal laws of nature
2. treat humanity in a person as an end, not as a means
3. act as if you were a member of an ideal kingdom as both subject and sovereign

Question 17

This approach is based on balancing benefits and burdens

Answer 17

Justice and Fairness Approach

Question 18

What approach deals with punishment, compensation, and accommodation?

Answer 18

Justice and Fairness

Question 19

What approach compares and weighs claims of conflicting parties and tries to strike a balance between them?

Answer 19

Justice and Fairness

Question 20

Approach concerned with comparative treatment

Answer 20

Justice and fairness

Question 21

What are the three categories of the Justice and fairness approach?

Answer 21

1. Distributive
2. Retributive
3. Compensatory

Question 22

Fair distribution of societies benefits and burdens?

Answer 22

Distributive Justice

Question 23

Just imposition of punishment and penalties of those who have done wrong

Answer 23

Retributive justive

Question 24

just way of compensating people for what they lost when they were wronged by others

Answer 24

compensatory justice

Question 25

This approach is based upon habits, and actions of highest character

Answer 25

Virtue approach

Question 26

What is morality?

Answer 26

Universal principles of right and wrong

Question 27

What is ethics?

Answer 27

the study of morality

Question 28

what are the 3 primary branches of ethics?

Answer 28

metaethics, normative ethics, applied or practical ethics

Question 29

what do all three branches of ethics have in common?

Answer 29

they seek to promote human welfare and to identify principles that advance the common good

Question 30

who have stage theories of moral develoment?

Answer 30

Lawrence Kohlberg, Carol Gilligan

Question 31

What are the key characteristics of Kohlbergs six stages?

Answer 31

Stages develop over time, stages develop in sequence, stages are "hierarchal integrations" and include previous stages

Question 32

Where can punishment and obedience orientation be found?

Answer 32

kohlbergs pre-conventional stage

Question 33

which of kohlbergs stages included instrumental-relativist?

Answer 33

pre-conventional

Question 34

which of kohlbergs stages was "self centered"?

Answer 34

pre-conventional

Question 35

What were the three levels of Kohlbergs 6 stages?

Answer 35

Pre conventional, conventional, post conventionalq2

Question 36

what level contains the group norms stage?

Answer 36

conventional

Question 37

what level? interpersonal concordance orientation (peers)

Answer 37

conventional

Question 38

Law and order orientation can be found where?

Answer 38

Kohlbergs conventional level

Question 39

The highest level of kohlbergs?

Answer 39

Post conventional, autonomous, or principled

Question 40

impartial reasoning stages?

Answer 40

post conventional

Question 41

social contract orientation?

Answer 41

Kohlbergs post conventional stage

Question 42

Universal Ethical priciples orientation?

Answer 42

kohlbers post conventional

Question 43

which two stages of Kohlbergs theory were pre conventional?

Answer 43

Punishment/obedience & Instrumental relativist

Question 44

two stages of Kohlbergs in conventional?

Answer 44

Interpersonal concordance (peers) & law and order

Question 45

Post conventional stages?

Answer 45

social contract & universal ethical principle

Question 46

what did carol gilligans pre conventional level look like?

Answer 46

caring only for oneself

Question 47

what did carol gilligans conventional level look like?

Answer 47

care for others rather than caring for self

Question 48

what did carol gilligans post conventional stage look like?

Answer 48

balance caring for others and caring for oneself

Question 49

what was carol gilligans response to kohlberg?

Answer 49

gilligan felt kohlbers model fails to consider an alternate pattern of development in women because all of kohlbers research was done on men

Question 50

what are organizational values that flow from the seperate self?

Answer 50

hierarchy, competitive, adversarial, legalistic

Question 51

what are organizational values that flow from the connected self?

Answer 51

participation, sharing power and information, encouraging others

Question 52

where should ethical decisions be made?

Answer 52

post conventional stage

Question 53

who was jim taylor?

Answer 53

a very rich, powerful and corrupt business man who runs a horrible political machine, controlling most of the politicians, etc.

Question 54

not just adding up happiness,but also sponsoring higher sentiments can be classified into which ethical approach?

Answer 54

utilitarian

Question 55

"the principle which approves or disapproves of every action whatsoever"

Answer 55

the principle of utility

Question 56

Jeremy Bentham is known for what?

Answer 56

the principle of utility

Question 57

how is the principle of utility measured?

Answer 57

intensity, duration, certainty or uncertainty, propinquity or remoteness, its fecundity, its purity, and its extent

Question 58

what ethical approach has been criticized for not adequately supporting principles or justice, fairness, and truth telling?

Answer 58

Utilitarianism

Question 59

Who believed that actions are right as they "promote happiness"?

Answer 59

John Stuart Mill

Question 60

"it is better to be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfied" who said it

Answer 60

john stuart mill

Question 61

what are examples of Mill's higher pleasures?

Answer 61

``` intellect(logic intelligence), noble feelings(sympathy, heroism, empathy), imagination(creativity, innovation), moral sentiments(justice, honesty, fairness) ```

Question 62

who did not have a hierarchy of pleasures?

Answer 62

Bentham

Question 63

Who is known for a hedonistic categories?

Answer 63

Jeremy Bentham

Question 64

"justice as fairness"

Answer 64

john rawls

Question 65

Individial rights

Answer 65

Kant

Question 66

what are john rawls goals for society?

Answer 66

1. self sufficient 2. regulated by justice 3. aimed at advancing the good 4. characterized by conflict and identity of interests

Question 67

what is the difference between kant and rawls?

Answer 67

kant: is universal rawls: is NOT universal

Question 68

what are Rawls two(3) principles of justice?

Answer 68

1. Equal liberties - adequate basic rights 2. Fair Equality of Opportunity ~Difference principle ( cannot fall beneath floor set )

Question 69

Analysis based on outcomes?

Answer 69

teleological approach