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Environmental Design and Analysis > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

why do we look at pictures

A

to understand what they say about our relationship to the environment and each other

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2
Q

environmental preference factors (4)

A

topophilia, aesthetic experience, emotional attachment, evolutionary theories

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3
Q

topophilia

A

bond between people and places

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4
Q

aesthetic experience

A

pleasure in response to what is seen

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5
Q

emotional attachment

A

patriotism, cultural connection

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6
Q

evolutionary theories

A

innate preferences trained into us through survival

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7
Q

savanna landscape

A

the transition from open forest with grassy undergrowth to savanna is gradual and is determined by duration and severity of dry season, fire, and grazing. Contains a food sources for humans, there are views and grassy ground cover, as well as trees and shade for protection

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8
Q

prospect refuge

A

people prefer places that are protected it with a view outward. protect - expanding, bright; refuge - small and dark. Your back is covered, outward view - nothing can come up behind you and you can see everything in front of you

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9
Q

view out a window

A

patients who can see out a window recover more quickly and require less pain medication; there is something in us that responds to what we look at

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10
Q

please in prospect to water

A

important to both climate and emotional needs

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11
Q

preference

A

humans interpret the environment in terms of their needs and prefer settings in which they’re likely to function more effectively; want mystery, but not too much - need legibility

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12
Q

balance

A

adapting environment to suit our needs; adapting ourselves to suit the environment

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13
Q

impelling form

A

sustainable practices and technologies evolving from negative “ugly” to “beautiful”, and wasteful practices becoming “ugly”; changing things to impel people to make the right choices

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14
Q

body and it’s relation to space (3)

A

proportion, anthropometrics, ergonomics

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15
Q

proportion

A

golden ratio (think sea shell); “average” is only a few people (think to class example); have to design to suit everyone - not just the average

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16
Q

anthropometrics

A

the study of the human physical dimensions, capabilities, and limitations

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17
Q

ergonomics

A

the study of people and machines; application of human factors data to design; example - the seat: design seating to meet needs of different people (age, ability, activity, etc.); armrest - helps people get out of the chair

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18
Q

conversing design (2)

A

sociopetal, sociofugal

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19
Q

sociopetal

A

bring people into face to face interactions; ex. corners

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20
Q

sociofugal

A

spaces discourage interactions

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21
Q

accessibility

A

must take disabilities into consideration; all public spaces must be accessible to people who are handicapped

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22
Q

sociability

A

gathering; people watching; access/egress

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23
Q

privacy

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A

controlling interaction

24
Q

personal space

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A

distances that people maintain between themselves and other people; an “invisible boundary” between a person’s body and other people

25
proxemics
the study of how people unconsciously structure micro-space; this needs to be taken into account when designing - ex. designing round tables for negotiations purposes
26
spacial needs
needs for privacy, personal space; spectrum of contract - from sense of isolating to crowding; key is the ability to control the degree and type of contact - ex. movable seats/ at the beach, people can decide where they want to lay down
27
territoriality
sense of control and ownership of a geographic space | attitude/behaviors/markings to reinforce possessiveness - ex. a bedroom
28
defensible space
how people need transitions between public and private establishing a sense of control in the environment public, semi-public, semi-private, private; gives a lot of options
29
healthy and active living (3)
barriers to physical activity, views of physical activity, exercise
30
barriers to exercise
socioeconomic status, mobility constraints, environmental, personal
31
views of personal activity
not about everyone needs to go to the gym; where are you and what will make it easier for you to exercise
32
exercise
can be leisure, can be a part of your daily life; less vigorous, more time more vigorous, less time
33
land use (impelling form)
by considering adjacencies and mixing uses, we can enhance opportunities in daily life - ex. looking at land use life; bringing things closer together so that people can walk to things they need
34
streets and connectivity (impelling form)
getting cars to move as fast and as safely as possible
35
street design (impelling form)
streets aren’t just about cars - need to be considered in design; bikers - street hierarchy; street width, shape and connection to bikers/pedestrians; traffic calming techniques street bumps, circles, etc.; pedestrian space; size of sidewalks; street trees make experience more enjoyable
36
neighborhood form (impelling form)
overall concept, land use, circulation, character and quality
37
transit oriented development (impelling form)
a mixed use residential and commercial are designed to maximize access to public transport, and often; incorporates features to encourage specific activities
38
integrating recreation to everyday life (impelling form)
parks and park systems, edges and corridors, age considerations
39
encouraging people to use design ideas (impelling form)
quality of space, perceived and actual safety, people like being around other people, choice
40
food landscape (impelling form)
farmers markets, community gardens, etc
41
community food security (impelling form)
a condition in which all community residents obtain a safe, culturally acceptable, nutritionally adequate diet through a sustainable food system that maximizes community self reliance and social justice
42
climate
weather conditions prevailing in an area in general over a long period
43
microclimate
local atmospheric zone where climate differs from surrounding area
44
designs to address climate
wind catchers, southern facing homes to allow maximum sunlight
45
urban heat island effect
cities are hotter than the surrounding climates
46
climates in the US
cool, temperate, hot-humid, hot-arid
47
passive solar strategies
site orientation, shading, heat storage, natural cooling, natural lighting
48
green roofs
reduce cooling costs , reduce storm water, habitat, filter pollutants and carbon dioxide, some sound insulation
49
what makes public space work (movie)
people attract other people, moving conversation, people sit where there are places to sit, food
50
legibility
the ease with which parts can be recognized and organized into a coherent pattern
51
imageability
that quality in a physical object - a landmark; ex. eiffel tower in paris
52
elements used in city image
path, edge, district, node, landmark
53
path
channels of movement
54
edge
boundaries between two phases, breaks in continuity, such as walls, waterways
55
district
medium to large sections of a city that have common character - the north end in boston
56
node
points of activity, places where people come together
57
landmark
physical objects that symbolize cities

Environmental Design and Analysis (1 decks)

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