EXAM 1

Question 1

Two traits that occur in mammals and in no other organisms are _______ and ______

Answer 1

Lactation; Hair

Question 2

Bipedalism in rodents is a case of:

Answer 2

Convergent evolution

Question 3

A shared derived trait is shared by two or more taxa is a:

Answer 3

Synapomorphy

Question 4

The geophysicist who formalized the theory of continental drift:

Answer 4

Alfred Wegner

Question 5

A taxon the does not include all organisms descended form a common ancestor is:

Answer 5

Paraphyletic

Question 6

The approximate time frame of the beginning of the Permian was:

Answer 6

300 million years ago

Question 7

The northern hemisphere land mass in the Triassic was called

Answer 7

Laursia

Question 8

The two major branches of Amniota were Sauropsida and _________

Answer 8

?

Question 9

The absence of a fenestra behind the orbit is characteristic of:

Answer 9

Anapsids

Question 10

Mammals which are partially homeothermic, but allow their body temp to fluctuate under certain environmental conditions:

Answer 10

Heterothermic

Question 11

Placental mammals are first observed in fossil deposits in what is now Asia

Answer 11

True

Question 12

The basal marsupial tooth formula is:

Answer 12

5/4 1/1 3/3 4/4=50

Question 13

Which of these cubes has the HIGHEST surface to volume ration?

Answer 13

Small Cube has the highest VS Large Cube

Question 14

Monotremes do not produce milk

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Which of these is the order that contains kangaroos?

Answer 15

Diprotodontia

Question 16

Phylogenetic Species Concept

Answer 16

Smallest possible group to still be related by a common ancestor

Question 17

Mesozoic Era (Name all Periods)

Answer 17

Triassic Period 250 – 205 mya
Jurassic Period 205 – 145 mya
Cretaceous Period 145 – 65 mya

Question 18

Multituberculata

Answer 18

Extinction linked to the rise of rodents (food Shortage)

Question 19

Microbiotheria

Answer 19

Linked the two marsupials orders; South America to Australia

Question 20

Yangochiroptera

Answer 20

Suborder of Chiroptera

Question 21

Mysticeti

Answer 21

The suborder that contains the baleen whales

Question 22

Order the following groups from oldest origin to the most recent origin

Answer 22

?

Question 23

Present a clear description of the position and function of each of these five bones in a early mammal-like reptile AND a modern mammal

Answer 23

Squamosal:
Mammal-like: Part of the brain case 
True mammal: Upper jaw articulation
Angular:
Mammal-like: Part of mandible, near tympanum
True mammal: Tympanic Bone
Articular:
Mammal-like: Lower jaw articulation
True mammal: Malleus 
Dentary:
Mammal-like: Part of mandible
True mammal: Entire mandible
Quadrate:
Mammal-like: Upper jaw articulation
True mammal: incus

Question 24

Discuss the changes in the post-cranial anatomy as you transition from Pelycosaurs to modern mammals. Present five structural changes or modifications

Answer 24

Lactation/ Increased Parental care 
Hair at some point of development 
Endothermy 
Viviparity 
Enuclated Red Blood cells

Question 25

What two adaptations of Artiodactyla are considered most important for their success? What major habitat expanded during the Eocene to drive these adaptations?

Answer 25

Artiodactyla had a pully type muscle in their hind legs and fused (cannon) bones. They also ruminate allowing them to get more nutrients from lesser quality of grass. (Grasslands)

Question 26

What three marsupial Orders are restricted to the New World

Answer 26

Didelphimorphia ? ?

Question 27

Pangea formed during which Period?

Answer 27

Permian 300-250 mya

Question 28

The southern supercontinent after the breakup of Pangea was

Answer 28

Gondwanaland

Question 29

Match the correct association of these major skull types (Anapsid, Synapsid, Diapsid) to the groups that were derived:

Answer 29

Turtles, mammals, birds

Question 30

The early mammal-like reptile group derived from Pelycosaurs was Therapsida

Answer 30

True

Question 31

The extinct group of mammals that persisted for over 100 million years and had a successful radiation into a multiple ecological niches.

Answer 31

Multituberculata

Question 32

The Zygomatic arch is formed by the jugal and what other bone in mammals?

Answer 32

Squamosal

Question 33

A hard palate, turbinate bones in the skull, loss of lumbar ribs, and an upright posture are all suggestive of what in mammals?

Answer 33

Endothermy

Question 34

What is the single bone in the lower jaw in modern mammals?

Answer 34

Dentary

Question 35

Placental mammals first originated in ancient Africa

Answer 35

False

Question 36

The basal Euthera tooth formula is:

Answer 36

3/3 1/1 4/4 3/3

Question 37

Orithorhynchidae is the family of the mammals with the common name

Answer 37

duck-billed platypus

Question 38

The current most widely accepted model for the diversification of mammalian orders is:

Answer 38

Long-Fuse Model

Question 39

A marsupial with an elongated mandible, unspecialized incisors and fused toes is:

Answer 39

Polyprotodont syndactylous

Question 40

Biological Species Concept

Answer 40

A group of populations within genes are actually or potentially exchanged by interbreeding, and which are reproductively isolated from other such groups

Question 41

Define the difference between endothermy & homeothermy

Answer 41

Endothermy: Generating internal heat to moderate body temp Homeothermy: Maintaining a constant internal body temp

Question 42

Heterodont

Answer 42

Variation in the form and function of the teeth

Question 43

What is the great American interchange? when did it occur? how many MYA? Name at least 2 mammalian groups that crossed from? NA to SA and two others that crossed form? SA to NA

Answer 43

Connection between N and S America across the Panamanina land bridge that allowed for faunal exchange Cenozoic and Pliocene (early Pleistocene also acceptable) 2.7 MYA (3 MYA) Rodents, camels, carnivores, deer, shrews, rabbits, peccaries, weasels Possums, xenarthans (armadillos), porcupines, sloths, anteaters

Question 44

Mammal-like reptile articulation

Answer 44

Quadrate-articular

Question 45

True mammal articulation

Answer 45

dentary- squamosal