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OS2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the posterior palpatory landmarks of the inominate?

A

PSIS
Sacral sulci
Ischial tuberosity

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2
Q

Where is the iliolumbar ligament located?

A

From ilia to 5th vertebrae

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3
Q

Where is the sacrospinous ligament located?

A

Sacrum to spine of ischium

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4
Q

Where is the sacrotuberous ligament located?

A

Sacrum to ischial tuberosity

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5
Q

Where is the sacroiliac ligament located?

A

Ant and post sacroiliac joint

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6
Q

What divides space above and below into a greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

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7
Q

What restrains anterior movement of the sacrum?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

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8
Q

What are the parts of the sacroiliac ligament?

A

Anterior, posterior, interosseous

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9
Q

What ligament is part of the coccygeus muscle?

A

Sacrospinous

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10
Q

What kind of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

Fibrocartilage

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11
Q

What 2 muscles not part of the adductor group also act as adductors?

A

Gracilis

Pectineus

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12
Q

What is the only rotator that connects directly to the sacrum?

A

Piriformis (external rotator)

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13
Q

Posterior pelvic tilt is accompanied by what?

A

Increased kyphosis (leaning forward)

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14
Q

Forward shifted pelvis results in what kind of back position?

A

Swayback

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15
Q

Anterior pelvic tilt is accompanied by what?

A

Increased lordosis

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16
Q

Describe the changes in an anterior innominate rotation:

A

ASIS inferior
PSIS posterior
medial malleolus inferior/long

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17
Q

Describe changes in posterior innominate rotation

A

ASIS superior
PSIS inferior
Medial malleolus superior (short)

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18
Q

What is superior shear?

What must you do to determine laterality?

A

ASIS, PSIS, medial malleolus all superior on affected side

Pelvic compression or standing flexion test

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19
Q

What is lumbaralization of the sacrum?

A

S1 and S2 do not fuze

Looks like 6 lumbar vertebrae

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20
Q

The coccyx attaches to the sacral apex via what?

What rests on the anterior aspect of the coccyx?

A

Sacrococcygeal joint

Ganglion impar

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21
Q

What is the true pelvic ligament?

A

Sacroiliac (ant, post, interosseous)

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22
Q

What are the accessory pelvic ligaments?

A

Sacrotuberous, sacrospinous, iliolumbar

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23
Q

What does the posterior sacroiliac ligament connect?

A

PSIS to 3rd and 4th sacral segments

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24
Q

Fx of iliolumbar ligament?

Where does it attach?

A

Stabilizes posterior motion, restricts anterior motion of L4/L5

Attaches 4th and 5th lumbar vertebra to iliac crest

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25
What is part of the levator ani group?
Pubococcygeus Puborectalis Iliococcygeus
26
What makes up the primary muscle group of the sacrum?
Levator ani group | Coccygeus muscle
27
Where is the cranial dural attachment? Sacral dural attachment?
Foramen magnum, C1, C2 S2
28
What is force closure? What creates this?
Holding an object by pressure on the sides Muscles, ligaments, fascia surrounding the SI joint
29
What is form closure? How does the sacrum act?
Stacking, use of Roman arch as a self supporting structure Keystone of the arch, wedged between the ilium so
30
What is the superior axis? Level of what?
Respiratory axis Articular process of S2
31
What is the middle axis? Levels of what?
Postural or sacroiliac Body of S2
32
What is the inferior axis? Level of what?
Iliosacral - for rotation Inferior pole of the lower sacral articulation
33
With sacral respiratory motion, how does the base and apex move during inhalation? Increased or decreased lumbar lordosis?
Base posterior, apex anterior Decreased lordosis
34
How does the sacral base and apex move when flexing?
Base anterior | Apex posterior
35
Where does inherent motion occur? How is it transferred?
Around superior transverse axis From SBS to the sacrum via dural attachments
36
Describe the motion of sacral base and apex in nutation? Occurs with what?
Base anterior, apex posterior Craniosacral/SBS extension
37
Describe the motion of sacral base and apex in counternutation? Occurs with what?
Base moves posterior, apex anterior Craniosacral/SBS flexion
38
How does the sacral base move during inhalation and exhalation?
Inhalation-posterior Exhalation-anterior
39
What is the seated flexion test like in bilateral flexion? ``` Lumbar lordosis? Sacral sulcus? ILAs? Lumbar spring test? Respiratory motion? SideBending? 4 point? ```
Negative ``` Increased Deep Posterior Negative Restricted to inhalation NO SB restriction NO 4 pt restriction ```
40
Describe the following findings in bilateral extension: ``` Seated flexion test Lumbar lordosis Sulci ILAs Lumbar spring test Respiratory motion SideBending 4 point ```
``` Negative Decreased Shallow Anterior Positive spring test Restricted to exhalation SB no restriction 4pt no restriction ```
41
Describe the following dysfunctions in unilateral flexion: ``` Seated flexion Sacral sulcus ILA Lumbar spring test Respiratory motion Side bending 4 point ```
``` Positive on 1 side Deep on involved side Posterior or inferior ILA on involved side Lumbar spring negative Asymmetric respiratory Restricted to SB toward uninvolved side 4 pt no restriction ```
42
Describe the following dysfunctions in unilateral extension: ``` Seated flexion Sacral sulcus ILA Lumbar spring test Respiratory motion Side bending 4 point ```
``` Positive Shallow on involved side Anterior/superior on involved side Positive lumbar spring test Respiratory motion asymmetrical SB restricted to motion to involved side 4 pt NO restriction ```
43
Describe the following dysfunctions in forward torsion: ``` Seated flexion Pelvic compression Sacral sulcus ILA Lumbar spring test Respiratory motion Side bending 4 point ```
``` Positive on side opposite the axis Pelvic compression positive on side of axis Deep on uninvolved side ILA posterior on opposite side of sulcus Lumbar spring test negative Asymmetrical respiratory motion No SB restriction 4 pt restricted to posterior rotation around involved axis ```
44
Whenever your oblique axis is rotated, how is L5 related? Example: R on R, what is L5 doing?
Opposite rotation rotated left
45
Describe the following dysfunctions in backward torsion: ``` Seated flexion Pelvic compression Sacral sulcus ILA Lumbar spring test Respiratory motion Side bending 4 point ```
Positive on side opposite of the axis Positive pelvic compression on side of axis Deep on involved axis (shallow on uninvolved) ILA posterior on side opp deep sacral sulcus Lumbar spring test positive Respiratory motion asymmetrical SB no restriction 4 pt restricted to anterior rotation around involved axis
46
Motion into the restrictive barrier is called what?
BIND
47
What do Golgi tendon organs do?
Detect degree of skeletal muscle tension and send info to CNS
48
When are Golgi tendon muscles stretched?
Whenever muscles contract
49
What kind are afferent neurons from the Golgi tendon body? Where do they enter the spinal cord and where do they synapse?
1b group Gray matter, inhibitory interneurons
50
What do inhibitory interneurons synapse with?
Large alpha motor neurons in anterior gray horn of spinal cord
51
What is the function of the Golgi tendon reflex? What does it respond to?
Prevent tissue disruption Rapid change in length/tension
52
What composes a vertebral segment?
Vertebra above and below and the disc in between
53
Who produced an article detailing the safety of HVLA?
Dr. Vick
54
What year was the position paper on OMT of the cervical spine adopted by AOA house of delegates?
2005
55
Who had an article detailing how the cervical vertebral artery is safe to do manipulations on? What year?
S. Haldeman 2002
56
What are the anterior palpatory landmarks of the inominate?
``` ASIS pubic tubercles Iliac crests Greater trochanters Medial malleoli heights ```
57
What does a tight rectus femoris cause?
Anterior tilt (rotation)
58
What does a tight hamstring muscle cause?
Posterior tilt
59
What does a tight gluteus Maximus cause?
Posterior tilt
60
What does a tight erector spinae cause?
Anterior tilt
61
What does a tight rectus abdominis cause?
Posterior tilt
62
What does a tight iliopsoas muscle cause?
Anterior tilt
63
Tightness in which muscles cause anterior tilt?
REI | Rectus femoris, erector spinae, iliopsoas
64
Tightness in which muscles cause posterior tilt?
GOALH Gluteus maximus, external Oblique, rectus Abdominis, iliofemoral Ligament, Hamstrings

OS2 (2 decks)

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