exam 1 Flashcards

(84 cards)

1
Q

mobile shift

A

over 7 billion subscriptions, 77% of world population, over took PCs as most popular way to get on the web, multitasking

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2
Q

how have apps killed the direct web

A

smartphone users spend 80% of their time on apps, search-based web becomes less important

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3
Q

advantages of digital vs. print

A

ubiquity, speed, permanence, search ability, ability to update, ability to remix, targeting, interaction, marketing via links, data feedback; transcends limitations

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4
Q

branding

A

apps; mobile universe is about branding

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5
Q

screens

A

HBO calls this “tv everywhere,” audiences go around traditional means of viewing content, digital billboards, micro-video

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6
Q

multi screen device usage

A

meshing, stacking, and shifting

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7
Q

API

A

code that allows apps to talk and share info

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8
Q

impacts to journalism industry

A

no more breaking news, NYT out of print by 2020, newsweek stops printing, times-picayune goes to three days a week in print

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9
Q

persuasion

A

how we think it works depends on how we think communication works, individual or group of individuals uses language strategies or symbols to make audiences identify (agree) with them, REQUIRES IDENTIFICATION

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10
Q

identification

A

effective persuaders form relationships either to change or reinforce views

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11
Q

obvious and direct strategy of identification

A

straight to the point

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12
Q

anti thesis strategy of identification

A

us vs them

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13
Q

coercion

A

not the same thing as persuasion, threatening someone so they will agree with you

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14
Q

problems with linear model of communication

A

it assumes passive receiver, it assumes no feedback, it assumes type of channel doesn’t matter

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15
Q

rhetoric

A

the art of effective communication

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16
Q

key components of persuasion

A

ethos (credibility, trust), logos (consistency-logic), pathos (emotions-imagination)

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17
Q

persuasion today vs. ancient greece

A

core elements are the same, our media sets us apart and changes us as an audience and also the strategies we use as persuaders

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18
Q

oral culture

A

medium: face to face, experience: immediate, technique: poetry/stories, elders and story tellers have the power

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19
Q

literate culture

A

medium: writing, experience: evidence/separated, technique: print/reason, scribes, philosophers and historians have the power

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20
Q

electronic culture

A

medium: tv/radio, experience: perceived nearness, technique: emotional appeals, entertainers have the power

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21
Q

digital culture

A

medium: web 2.0, experience: interactivity, technique: CMC/relationships, authentic voices and relationship builders have the power

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22
Q

social networking sites

A

Facebook and google plus; users connect w people w similar backgrounds and interests; contain individual profiles, news feeds and groups

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23
Q

microblogs

A

twitter and tumblr; short updates; publicly available; updates go to any user subscribed

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24
Q

geo social networking

A

swarm and yelp; contains reviews of real world experience; connects online users w real world locations and events

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25
media sharing networks
youtube, pinterest and flickr, insta, vine; share photos, video and GIFs
26
social news/bookmarking sites
reddit and stumble upon; organize, manage and save links; allow voting on links to increase popularity
27
attitude
a learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to an object
28
key characteristics of attitude
directed towards objects; evaluative; learned; predispositions only
29
attitude formation: cognitive information
beliefs: ideas we have about what is true or false; organized on a continuum of central and peripheral
30
central beliefs
essential to one's life and identity
31
peripheral beliefs
comparatively inconsequential
32
attitude formation: affective information
emotion, needs and values
33
attitude formation: past behaviors/experiences
positive experience=inclined to carry out action again; negative experience=avoid and tell others to avoid
34
central route processing
part of ELM; relies on logical, information based messages; requires audience motivation and ability; results in long term attitude change
35
peripheral route processing
uses sensory or symbolic cues (music, celebrity, images); results in short term attitude change
36
motivation
high motivation and ability=central route; low motivation and ability=peripheral route
37
psychological consistency
we seek balance in our values, beliefs and behaviors and avoid the appearance of being inconsistent
38
persuasive tactics using consistency theories
fat free, cholesterol free, low sodium etc.
39
brand loyalty
type of marketing strategy; persuasive tactic using psychological consistency
40
cognitive dissonance theory
if we are committed to our first belief we might rationalize and decide not to change our behavior
41
dissonance
the uncomfortable pairing of two inconsistent ideas or beliefs
42
pre purchase context
create dissatisfaction
43
post purchase context
buyer's remorse
44
consumer responses of FCB model
degree of high/low involvement; degree of thinking/feeling
45
elements of purchasing decisions
learn, feel and do
46
taylor's message strategy wheel
divided in to info, ego, social, sensory, routine and acute need
47
ego
"i am me, this is who i am;" strong emotional attachment to brand or product category; typical message strategy: user image
48
social
win the attention, approval or admiration of others; sub segments are romantic, family and others; typical message strategy: resonance, use occasion
49
sensory
exactly like FCB quadrant 4; strategy: moments of pleasure
50
routine
low product differentiation; strategy: hyperbole
51
acute need
need arises abruptly; like to have product info but pressing need overrides info needs
52
ration
desire lots of info; typical hierarchy of effects model; strategy: unique selling proposition, positioning, generic
53
feelings
physiological experiences that occur in reaction to something
54
emotions
belief systems that guide how we understand dour feelings and organize our responses to those feelings; most emotions are social constructions
55
socialization theory
individuals acquire personality and learn the ways of life through a process of social interaction and identification
56
pity appeals
use of narratives as tactics; negative portrayal of need=more $; positive portrayal of need=more involvement
57
warmth appeals
sentimental, nostalgic folksy; images of friends, family; works through association
58
humor appeals
captures attention; creates distraction; increase liking
59
sex appeals
"using this will make you sexually appealing;" setting is important; could cause resentment; could be distracting; undesirable social consequences
60
fear appeals
develop severity of the threat; prove likelihood of threat; show efficacy of suggested solution
61
extended parallel processing model
when fear is aroused the receiver can respond with either; danger control (focus on solution) or fear control (focus on problem); persuaders goal is to activate danger control and avoid fear control
62
are fear appeals effective
depends on self esteem
63
strategies for fear appeals
with graphic appeals don't exaggerate; make problem relevant to audience; provide specific action audience can take to resolve fear; make the solution easy to do
64
perceived efficacy
solution is effective
65
response efficacy
solution is available
66
self efficacy
solution is feasible
67
ethos practical wisdom
being broadly knowledgable and processing expertise
68
ethos virtue
having good sense and moral character; virtue is key when assessing someone's ethos
69
ethos goodwill
possessing honorable intentions towards the audience
70
source credibility
an audience's perception of the persuader and their believability; often linked tightly with a person's or organization's image; varies from person to person; it is a social construct; can change over time; largely subconscious; if successfully achieved the individual or organization can be granted great persuasive power but because it is constructed we need to ask what is truly real
71
source credibility trustworthiness
being seen by others as being safe and sincere
72
source credibility expertise
the qualifications of the source (training, knowledge, intelligence)
73
source credibility goodwill
perceived caring; taking a genuine interest in audience
74
source credibility dynamism
charisma and boldness of the source
75
source credibility composure
cool, calm and collected
76
source credibility sociability
friendliness and likableness
77
legitimation
outcome of credibility; power to gain acceptance for a point of view because of the status of an individual; can be reciprocal
78
mystification
outcome of credibility; use of special symbols and technical jargon to communicate special authority and expertise to which others should defer
79
transmedia
cross media
80
transmedia storytelling
story that expands across multiple media: both digital and analog; story repeats less and expands more; unique pieces of content in each channel
81
seriality
chunking; dispersal; radical intertextuality; multimodality
82
what makes a good story
relevant: useful, right place and time, targeted, informative; unexpected: emotional, funny, shocking, entertaining
83
7 story archetypes
1. overcoming the monster 2. rags to riches 3. the quest 4. voyage and return 5. comedy 6. tragedy 7. rebirth
84
6 steps to transmedia
1. select target audience 2. set objective 3. write story: select archetype 4. multimodality: build out the story though each medium 5. layer the narrative: make sure each medium stands alone, but also contributes to the whole 6. incentivize and/or use game mechanics to encourage interaction