Exam 1 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Paraphyletic group
one common ancestor, but not all descendants
Polyphyletic group
two or more groups with separate common ancestors
Monophyletic group/clade
common ancestor plus all descendants
Pleisomorphy
ancestral character states
Apomorphy
derived character states
homology
similarity resulting from common ancestry or similar structures in an individual
homoplasy/analogy
independent evolutionary origins
convergence
independent evolution of a similar feature in two or more lineages
reversal
loss of a derived feature with the reestablishment of of an ancestral feature
phenetic classification
organized by relationship of overall similarities
phylogenetic classification
organized by evolutionary history
reticulation
hybridization of previously divergent taxa
phylogeny
evolutionary history of life
descent
transfer of genetic material
taxonomy
description, identification, nomenclature, classification
derived
apomorphic
ancient
pleisomorphic
synapomorphy
shared derived character, distinguishing clade from others in monophyly
phylogram
cladogram with accurate/absolute time scale
OTU
Operational Taxonomic Units
parsimony analysis
fewest evolutionary steps the better
dioecious
unisexual flowers, staminate and pistillate flowers on separate plants
monoecious
bisexual flowers, staminate and pistillate flowers on same plant
