Exam 1 Flashcards
(55 cards)
1
Q
Teams are the ____, teamwork is the _____.
A
Structure; process
2
Q
How is “success” defined?
A
Task- a successful team completes its tasks or reached its goal.
Social Relations- team members develop social relations that help them to work together and maintain the group.
The individual- participation is personally rewarding.
3
Q
Conditions for Team Success?
A
- The right group of people to perform the task.
- A task suitable for teamwork.
- Effectively combined resources to complete the task.
- A supportive context provided by the organization.
4
Q
Team?
A
Working together to accomplish a goal.
5
Q
Teamwork?
A
The work that has to go into accomplishing the goal.
6
Q
Service-learning is NOT ____, but it is ____.
A
Community service; A pedagogy.
7
Q
Pedagogy?
A
A method of teaching and learning linking meaningful community service with instruction and reflection.
8
Q
Benefits of service-learning?
A
- Greater sense of purpose
- Sharpened communication skills
- Able to work with diverse groups
9
Q
Four guiding principles for service-learning
A
- Engagement
- Reflection
- Reciprocity
- Public Dissemination
10
Q
The hyphen in service-learning makes the connection with which guiding principle
A
Reflection
11
Q
The most key component in service-learning
A
Reflection
12
Q
Why is service-learning important?
A
- Define project
- Develop social relations
- Create effective procedures
13
Q
Group development perspective?
A
Focuses on internal processes and how they change
14
Q
Project development perspective?
A
Describes how groups change based on the tasks that they perform
15
Q
Cyclical perspective?
A
Explains changes as cycles rather than as stages
16
Q
Stages of group development?
A
- Forming
- Storming
- Norming
- Performing
- Adjourning
17
Q
Traditional group socialization?
A
How new members are recruited and integrated to permanent teams
18
Q
Contemporary group socialization?
A
How work teams deal with changing membership
19
Q
What does S.M.A.R.T stand for?
A
Specific Measurable Action-oriented Reachable Timed
20
Q
Functions of Goals:
A
- Standard for performance evaluation
- Motivate and encourage involvement
- Guidance toward activities and integration of team members tasks
- Criterion for evaluating actions and decisions
- Inform others (outsiders) about the team and establish relationships
- Determine reward/consequences for performance
21
Q
What are hidden agendas?
A
- Unspoken individuals goal that conflict with overall group goals
- Most basic relates to motivation
- Directional aspects of goals
- End result of hidden agendas is to damage trust within the team
22
Q
Advantages of group decision making:
A
- More resources
- Pooled knowledge through group discussion
- Learn to make decisions
- Better understanding of the issues involved
- Better memory for past facts/events (reduce repeat mistakes
- Incorrect solutions are more likely to be identified and rejected
- Encourages members to make good decisions
23
Q
Disadvantages of group decision making:
A
- Groups are less efficient in making quick decisions
- “Wasted” discussion time
- Communication problems
- Leaders may lack facilitation skills
- Emotional conflicts
- Controlling people may dominate the discussions
- Discussions can get sidetracked, interrupted, or disorganized
24
Q
What factors influence whether group decisions are superior to individual decisions or not?
A
- Group composition
- Good communication
- Decision that requires a group to make it
25
Individual decision making is better when:
- Issue doesn't require action from most group members
- So simple that coordination isn't needed to implement
- Decision has to be made quickly
26
Three main approaches to group decision making are:
- Consultative
- Democratic
- Consensus
27
Decision-making problems can disrupt a team's ability to make good decisions including:
- Disagreements
- Time pressure
- External stress
28
_____ makes the result more extreme due to interpersonal processes.
Group polarization
29
_____ refers to the group's desire to maintain good relations rather than make the best decision.
Group Think
30
Influences of polarization are:
- Normative
| - Informational
31
Normative?
Each member moves their opinion closer to what they think the group believes, resulting in a more extreme decision by the group as a whole.
32
Informational?
Group members hear the dominant speakers, thus the group tends to lean toward the opinion of the dominant speakers.
33
Three decision-making techniques that can be used with groups are:
- Nominal
- Delphi
- Ringi
34
When should you use group decisions?
When groups successfully pool resources
35
How does the Nominal Group Technique work?
- People write down their solutions to a problem
- Ideas are read out loud and recorded
- People may ask questions for clarification
- Ideas are ranked to select the best idea
36
How does the Delphi Group Technique work?
- Group of experts given open-ended questions about a problem
- Results are summarized , organized, and returned to participants
- Comments on solutions are gathered
- Process is repeated until an agreement is decided
37
Forming?
- Orientation: members get to know each other
- Tend to be polite and tentative to each other
- May feel uncomfortable and constrained
- Group needs to spend time defining their goals and planning how to do their tasks
- Stage ends when the group feels comfortable with each other
38
Storming?
- Conflict: disagreement about roles and procedures
- May have dissatisfaction and hostility
- May begin to realize that the project is more difficult than was anticipated and may become anxious, defensive, and blameful
- Subgroups may emerge
- Sharing of different perspectives and a better understanding of group member's position
- Resolution leads to increased group cohesion
39
Norming?
- Structure: establish rules and social relationships
- Group becomes more cohesive, conflict is reduced, team confidence improves
- Group rules (norms)
- Group identity
- Differences are handled through constructive discussion and negotiation
40
Performing?
- Work: focus on completing the task
- Developed norms and successfully built social relations
- Can handle stress
- Collective decision-making and cooperation
- Most performance occurs during this stage near the end of the group's project
- Not all groups get to this stage
41
Adjourning?
- Dissolution: completion of task and end of the group
- Can be planned or caused by problems
- Can be stressful to some who don't want the group to end
- Teams can become unproductive
42
Motivation?
- Teamwork potentially increase ability to accomplish a goal -A decrease in motivation may occur
- Understanding the motivation problem will enable
43
Social Loafing?
- Reduction of individual contributions when people work in groups rather than alone
- Related to other group phenomena
- "Free Rider"
- "Sucker effect"
44
Factors of social loafing:
- Tasks are more individualistic
- Performance is hidden
- Effort is not comparable
45
Task?
- Better when it is interesting, involving, and challenging
| - Job characteristics model
46
Three critical psychological states:
- Experienced meaningfulness
- Responsibility of outcomes
- Knowledge of results
47
Interdependence?
- Group responsibility of outcomes
- Comes from distribution of skills and work processes
- Power is shared
- Contributions are considered valuable
48
Team Efficacy?
Perception that a team is capable of success.
49
Cohesion?
Increased sense of commitment and attraction to the group
50
Commitment?
The more you value the group the more motivated you will be to perform.
51
Group cohesion?
- Interpersonal bonds that hold a group together
- Identification with the group is important
- See others as "outsiders"
52
Components of group cohesion:
- Group pride/social identity
- Social attraction
- Task accomplishment
53
What are possible benefits of a cohesive group?
- More satisfied with their jobs
- Reduce stress
- Interpersonal effects are generally positive
- Group performance effects are mixed
54
Factors of building group cohesion:
- Attitudes and personal goals
- Common interests and ideas
- A sense of uniqueness
- Size
- Requirements of memberships
- Incentives
55
Approaches to building group cohesion:
- Training
- Rewards
- Interactions
- Reducing differences
- Climate of pride
