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Team Leadership > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Teams are the ____, teamwork is the _____.

A

Structure; process

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2
Q

How is “success” defined?

A

Task- a successful team completes its tasks or reached its goal.

Social Relations- team members develop social relations that help them to work together and maintain the group.

The individual- participation is personally rewarding.

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3
Q

Conditions for Team Success?

A
  • The right group of people to perform the task.
  • A task suitable for teamwork.
  • Effectively combined resources to complete the task.
  • A supportive context provided by the organization.
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4
Q

Team?

A

Working together to accomplish a goal.

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5
Q

Teamwork?

A

The work that has to go into accomplishing the goal.

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6
Q

Service-learning is NOT ____, but it is ____.

A

Community service; A pedagogy.

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7
Q

Pedagogy?

A

A method of teaching and learning linking meaningful community service with instruction and reflection.

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8
Q

Benefits of service-learning?

A
  • Greater sense of purpose
  • Sharpened communication skills
  • Able to work with diverse groups
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9
Q

Four guiding principles for service-learning

A
  • Engagement
  • Reflection
  • Reciprocity
  • Public Dissemination
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10
Q

The hyphen in service-learning makes the connection with which guiding principle

A

Reflection

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11
Q

The most key component in service-learning

A

Reflection

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12
Q

Why is service-learning important?

A
  • Define project
  • Develop social relations
  • Create effective procedures
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13
Q

Group development perspective?

A

Focuses on internal processes and how they change

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14
Q

Project development perspective?

A

Describes how groups change based on the tasks that they perform

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15
Q

Cyclical perspective?

A

Explains changes as cycles rather than as stages

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16
Q

Stages of group development?

A
  • Forming
  • Storming
  • Norming
  • Performing
  • Adjourning
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17
Q

Traditional group socialization?

A

How new members are recruited and integrated to permanent teams

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18
Q

Contemporary group socialization?

A

How work teams deal with changing membership

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19
Q

What does S.M.A.R.T stand for?

A 
Specific
Measurable
Action-oriented
Reachable
Timed
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20
Q

Functions of Goals:

A
  • Standard for performance evaluation
  • Motivate and encourage involvement
  • Guidance toward activities and integration of team members tasks
  • Criterion for evaluating actions and decisions
  • Inform others (outsiders) about the team and establish relationships
  • Determine reward/consequences for performance
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21
Q

What are hidden agendas?

A
  • Unspoken individuals goal that conflict with overall group goals
  • Most basic relates to motivation
  • Directional aspects of goals
  • End result of hidden agendas is to damage trust within the team
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22
Q

Advantages of group decision making:

A
  • More resources
  • Pooled knowledge through group discussion
  • Learn to make decisions
  • Better understanding of the issues involved
  • Better memory for past facts/events (reduce repeat mistakes
  • Incorrect solutions are more likely to be identified and rejected
  • Encourages members to make good decisions
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23
Q

Disadvantages of group decision making:

A
  • Groups are less efficient in making quick decisions
  • “Wasted” discussion time
  • Communication problems
  • Leaders may lack facilitation skills
  • Emotional conflicts
  • Controlling people may dominate the discussions
  • Discussions can get sidetracked, interrupted, or disorganized
24
Q

What factors influence whether group decisions are superior to individual decisions or not?

A
  • Group composition
  • Good communication
  • Decision that requires a group to make it
25
Q

Individual decision making is better when:

A
  • Issue doesn’t require action from most group members
  • So simple that coordination isn’t needed to implement
  • Decision has to be made quickly
26
Q

Three main approaches to group decision making are:

A
  • Consultative
  • Democratic
  • Consensus
27
Q

Decision-making problems can disrupt a team’s ability to make good decisions including:

A
  • Disagreements
  • Time pressure
  • External stress
28
Q

_____ makes the result more extreme due to interpersonal processes.

A

Group polarization

29
Q

_____ refers to the group’s desire to maintain good relations rather than make the best decision.

A

Group Think

30
Q

Influences of polarization are:

A
  • Normative

- Informational

31
Q

Normative?

A

Each member moves their opinion closer to what they think the group believes, resulting in a more extreme decision by the group as a whole.

32
Q

Informational?

A

Group members hear the dominant speakers, thus the group tends to lean toward the opinion of the dominant speakers.

33
Q

Three decision-making techniques that can be used with groups are:

A
  • Nominal
  • Delphi
  • Ringi
34
Q

When should you use group decisions?

A

When groups successfully pool resources

35
Q

How does the Nominal Group Technique work?

A
  • People write down their solutions to a problem
  • Ideas are read out loud and recorded
  • People may ask questions for clarification
  • Ideas are ranked to select the best idea
36
Q

How does the Delphi Group Technique work?

A
  • Group of experts given open-ended questions about a problem
  • Results are summarized , organized, and returned to participants
  • Comments on solutions are gathered
  • Process is repeated until an agreement is decided
37
Q

Forming?

A
  • Orientation: members get to know each other
  • Tend to be polite and tentative to each other
  • May feel uncomfortable and constrained
  • Group needs to spend time defining their goals and planning how to do their tasks
  • Stage ends when the group feels comfortable with each other
38
Q

Storming?

A
  • Conflict: disagreement about roles and procedures
  • May have dissatisfaction and hostility
  • May begin to realize that the project is more difficult than was anticipated and may become anxious, defensive, and blameful
  • Subgroups may emerge
  • Sharing of different perspectives and a better understanding of group member’s position
  • Resolution leads to increased group cohesion
39
Q

Norming?

A
  • Structure: establish rules and social relationships
  • Group becomes more cohesive, conflict is reduced, team confidence improves
  • Group rules (norms)
  • Group identity
  • Differences are handled through constructive discussion and negotiation
40
Q

Performing?

A
  • Work: focus on completing the task
  • Developed norms and successfully built social relations
  • Can handle stress
  • Collective decision-making and cooperation
  • Most performance occurs during this stage near the end of the group’s project
  • Not all groups get to this stage
41
Q

Adjourning?

A
  • Dissolution: completion of task and end of the group
  • Can be planned or caused by problems
  • Can be stressful to some who don’t want the group to end
  • Teams can become unproductive
42
Q

Motivation?

A
  • Teamwork potentially increase ability to accomplish a goal -A decrease in motivation may occur
  • Understanding the motivation problem will enable
43
Q

Social Loafing?

A
  • Reduction of individual contributions when people work in groups rather than alone
  • Related to other group phenomena
    - “Free Rider”
    - “Sucker effect”
44
Q

Factors of social loafing:

A
  • Tasks are more individualistic
  • Performance is hidden
  • Effort is not comparable
45
Q

Task?

A
  • Better when it is interesting, involving, and challenging

- Job characteristics model

46
Q

Three critical psychological states:

A
  • Experienced meaningfulness
  • Responsibility of outcomes
  • Knowledge of results
47
Q

Interdependence?

A
  • Group responsibility of outcomes
  • Comes from distribution of skills and work processes
  • Power is shared
  • Contributions are considered valuable
48
Q

Team Efficacy?

A

Perception that a team is capable of success.

49
Q

Cohesion?

A

Increased sense of commitment and attraction to the group

50
Q

Commitment?

A

The more you value the group the more motivated you will be to perform.

51
Q

Group cohesion?

A
  • Interpersonal bonds that hold a group together
  • Identification with the group is important
    - See others as “outsiders”
52
Q

Components of group cohesion:

A
  • Group pride/social identity
  • Social attraction
  • Task accomplishment
53
Q

What are possible benefits of a cohesive group?

A
  • More satisfied with their jobs
  • Reduce stress
  • Interpersonal effects are generally positive
  • Group performance effects are mixed
54
Q

Factors of building group cohesion:

A
  • Attitudes and personal goals
  • Common interests and ideas
  • A sense of uniqueness
  • Size
  • Requirements of memberships
  • Incentives
55
Q

Approaches to building group cohesion:

A
  • Training
  • Rewards
  • Interactions
  • Reducing differences
  • Climate of pride

Team Leadership (2 decks)

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