Exam 1 Flashcards by Christine Lahive

Benzodiazepines uses

Insomnia
Anxiety
Status epilepticus seizes
Muscle spasms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Benzodiazepines side effects

Drowsiness
Dizziness 
Confusion
Anxiety
Toxicity 
Withdrawal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Non-Benzodiazepines prototype

Zolpidem (Ambien)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Non-Benzodiazepines uses

Short term treatment of Insomnia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Non-Benzodiazepines side effects

Dizziness, Drowsiness, anxiety, confusion, diplopia (double vision), headache, amnesia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Non-Benzodiazepines instructions

Take before bed

Take on an empty stomach

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Non-Benzodiazepines contraindications

Suicidal ideation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Benzodiazepines instructions

Take before bed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Benzodiazepines contraindications

Glaucoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Centrally Acting Relaxants prototype

Baclofen (Lioresal)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Centrally Acting Relaxants uses

Relieve muscle spasms due to:
Spinal cord injury
Cerebral Palsy
Multiple Sclerosis 
Musculoskeletal injury

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Centrally Acting Relaxants side effects

Drowsiness and dizziness early in treatment, constipation, nausea, withdrawal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Centrally Acting Relaxants instructions

Take with food or milk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Centrally Acting Relaxants interactions

Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) and MAOIs cause hypertensive crisis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Benzodiazepines prototype

Diazepam (Valium)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants prototype

Dantrolene (Dantrium)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants uses

Relax skeletal muscle spasms related to:
Cerebrovascular accident
Spinal cord injury
Multiple sclerosis
Cerebral Palsy
Prevent and treat malignant hyperthermia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants side/adverse effects

Muscle weakness, drowsiness, dizziness, diarrhea, liver toxicity

Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants instructions

Avoid driving and activities that require mental alertness, CNS depressants (alcohol)

Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants contraindications

Liver disease

Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants interactions

CNS depressants such as alcohol increase the risk of severe sedation, calcium channel blockers increase risk of severe cardiac dysrhythmias,
Estrogen use

Hydantoins prototype

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Hydantoins uses

Tonic-Clonic seizures

Partial seizures

Hydantoins side/adverse effects

Mild drowsiness and other CNS effects,
Gingival hyperplasia,
Skin Rash,
Withdrawal symptoms

Hydantoins instructions

- Do not drive or perform other hazardous activities if experiencing CNS depressant effects. - Brush teeth with soft-bristled toothbrush, massage guns, and floss - Do not stop taking phenytoin abruptly

Hydantoins contraindications

- Bradycardia or heart block - Seizures caused by low blood sugar - Previous allergy

Hydantoins interactions

IV Phenytoin is Incompatible in solution with other drugs and dextrose solution Alcohol CNS depressants

Valproic Acid prototype

Valproic Acid (Depakote)

Valproic Acid uses

- all seizure types - maina associated with bipolar disorder - migraine headache (prevention)

Valproic Acid side/adverse effects

- Gastrointestinal upset - Bruising, bleeding, prolonged bleeding, decreased platelets - skin rash - liver toxicity - hyperammonemia

Iminostilbenes prototype

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Iminostilbenes uses

- Partial seizures - Tonic-Clonic seizures - Bipolar disorder - Trigeminal neuralgia

Iminostilbenes side effects

- visual disturbances (headache, ataxia, nystagmus, blurred vision) - decreased excretion of water (fluid retention) - skin rash - bone marrow suppression

Iminostilbenes instructions

- begin with a low dose and gradually increase - take at bedtime - no driving - use sunscreen/ limit sun exposure

Iminostilbenes contraindications

Hematologic disorders | Heart failure

Iminostilbenes interactions

Grapefruit juice | Effectiveness of oral contraceptions

Valproic Acid contraindications

Liver disorder Thrombocytopenia Hyperammonemia

Valproic Acid instructions

Monitor bleeding time, and platelet count. Monitor blood ammonia levels. Ensure patient takes lowest effective dose

Valproic acid interactions

Topiramate (Topamax) increases risk for hyperammonemia

Drugs for seizures

- Benzodiazepines (Diazepam) - Hydantoins (Phenytoin) - Iminostilbenes (Carbamazepine) - Valproic Acid (valproic acid)

Drugs for sleep disorders

- Benzodiazepines (Diazepam ) | - Non-Benzodiazepines (Zolpidem)

Drugs for muscle spasms

- Centrally acting muscle relaxants (Baclofen) | - Peripherally acting muscle relaxants ( Dantrolene)

Drugs for anesthesia

- Local Anesthesia (Lidocaine) - General Anesthesia/ Barbiturates (Sodium thiopental) - General anesthesia/ Benzodiazepines (Midazolam) - General anesthesia/ Opioids (Fentanyl)