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Exercise Phys > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

August Krogh

A

Developed the function of capillary circulation as a gas analysis system

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2
Q

A.V. Hill (F)

A

Credited to be the “father of exercise physiology”

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3
Q

A.V. Hill

A

Awarded Nobel prize in 1922 for measuring oxygen intake both resting and exercise

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4
Q

True or False You automatically begin using the amount of oxygen needed from rest to exercise?

A

False

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5
Q

Who developed the Harvard fatigue lab?

A

Bruce Dill

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6
Q

Who studied the effects of exercising in high heat?

A

Bruce Dill

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7
Q

Who is know for endurance performance training?

A

David Costill

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8
Q

David Costill

A

Oversaw the human performance lab

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9
Q

Threshold

A

The moment something begins to increase

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10
Q

A study about one individual

A

Case study

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11
Q

Case controlled study

A

When one group has a disease and the other does not

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12
Q

Cross sectional

A

Study looking at one specific moment in time

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13
Q

Calorimetry

A

The process of measuring heat/energy/calories by measuring the bonds that are broken

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14
Q

Calorimetry

A

Used to measure the amount of energy needed to change the temporary water by 1 degree Celsius

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15
Q

What does direct Calorimetry measure?

A

Amount of heat produced by a person

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16
Q

Indirect Calorimetry

A

The oxygen consumption to indirectly measure the heat production

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17
Q

How much oxygen is in room air? CO2?

A

20.93%

.03%

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18
Q

What is a typical energy expenditure range f VO2?

A

3.5-70ml/kg/min

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19
Q

What is the typical energy expenditure range of VO2 in METs?

A

1-20

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20
Q

How much oxygen is required at all times?

A

3.5ml/kg/min

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21
Q

True or False?

In order for something to be considered linear, the rate has to be constant

A

True

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22
Q

How energy efficient are humans

A

20-25%

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23
Q

When don’t you measure efficiency?

A

When you run, because you are moving up and down

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24
Q

What is used to measure running efficiency?

A

Economy

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25
Q

Flow in exchange of energy within a living system

A

Bioenergetics

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26
Q

The sum of chemical reactions in the body

A

Metabolism

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27
Q

What is an anabolic reaction?

A

It is putting molecules together

Example:photosynthesis which stores energy for later, building muscles, growing bones

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28
Q

What is a catabolic reaction?

A

Breaking down molecules

Example: breaking down glucose

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29
Q

What is an example of bioenergetics?

A

Converting micronutrients into energy (fats, lipids, carbohydrates)

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30
Q

How is mechanical work generated?

A

Muscle contraction that causes movement

Example: bench press

31
Q

Chemical work

A
  • Helps complete mechanical growth
  • helps with normal function and maintenance of cell
  • helps muscle size increase
32
Q

Endergonic

A

Requires energy to be added to the system as a result of the reaction

Example: joining monosaccharides-glucose+fructose=sucrose

33
Q

Coupled reaction

A

A type of reaction that uses energy from one reaction and uses it on another?

Example: loading a mouse trap and trapping a mouse

34
Q

Enzyme

A

Highly specific and large protein catalysts that change the rate of chemical reactions without being consumed changed

35
Q

Temperature and PH

A

Two factors that optimize enzyme activity

36
Q

Monosaccharide-located in blood

A

Where are single sugars located

37
Q

Olisacharide

A

2+sugars

Example: sucrose

38
Q

Polysaccharide-located in the muscle/liver

A

10+sugars

39
Q

Fatty acids

A

Primary storage site and energy source

40
Q

Phospholipids

A

Protective layer not used as an energy source

41
Q

Most common type of steroid in the body

A

Cholesterol (fat) needed to synthesize hormones

42
Q

What do amino acids do? Are they fats, carbs, proteins?

A

Needed to build and maintain muscle. Proteins

43
Q

1 phosphagens

Energy system

A

Stored ATP (1-2 sec) & ATP-PC (2-10sec)

44
Q

2 Non-oxidative pathway:

Energy system

A

glycolysis (10sec-2min)

45
Q

Oxidative pathway

A

Using carbs and fats

2min-infinity

46
Q

What percent of energy comes from each source

Stored ATP:
Creatine Phosphate:
ADP:

A

Stored ATP: 15-20%
Creatine phosphate: 70%
ADP: less than 10%

47
Q

Glycolysis

A

Breakdown of glucose occurring in the cytoplasm in nearly every cell of the body

48
Q

What is the cause of glycolysis

A

Demand of ATP

49
Q

What is the net yield of 1 glucose molecule

A

2ATP, 2Pyruvate/lactate, 2NADH

50
Q

What is the primary macronutrients used to produce ATP at rest?

A

Carbs then fats

51
Q

True or False

If you maintain the same intensity, the required amount of oxygen will not change?

A

True

52
Q

What order do the ATP sources get paid back

A

In the order they were used

53
Q

Describe excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

A

EPOC is the combination of a rapid and slow component replenish muscle and blood O2 stores. It is describing of the O2 debt that happens when someone stops working out but still needs an elevated oxygen consumption than what they would need at rest

54
Q

OBLA

A

Onset of blood lactate accumulation. The point where you see the elevation of lactate

55
Q

Respiratory exchange ratio

A

VCO2(produced)/VO2 (consumed) Range 7-1.0

56
Q

If your respiratory exchange ratio is 1 what does that mean about when you ate last? What about .7?

A

Close to 1 means you just ate close to .7 means you would be fasting

57
Q

What does the enzyme ATPase do?

A

With the use of a water molecule it breaks down ATP to ADP & inorganic phosphate. (Stored ATP)

58
Q

Creatine kinase

A

Converts phosphocreatine and ADP to ATP and creatine (creatine phosphate energy source)

59
Q

Hexokinase

A

Uses 1 ATP to convert glucose to glucose-6-phosphate

60
Q

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

A

Uses an ATP to convert fructose 6 phosphate to 1 fructose 6-phosphate

61
Q

Lactate dehydrogenase

A

Used to breakdown pyruvate. Produces lactate with the use of 2 NADH

62
Q

Phosphorylase

A

Converts glycogen to glucose 6 phosphate

63
Q

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

A

Step one of oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate oxidation which converts pyruvate+CoA+NAD to CO2 + acetyl CoA+NADH

64
Q

Citrate synthase

A

Used to break down oxaloacetate to produce citrate

65
Q

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

A

Break down isocitrate to produce alpha ketogluterate

66
Q

Succinate dehydrogenase

A

Break down succinate to produce fumarate

67
Q

ATP synthase

A

Converts ADP+Pi to ATP during electron transport chain

68
Q

Efficiency

A

Total amount of work

69
Q

Economy

A

Amount of oxygen consumed

70
Q

Is glycolysis aerobic or anerobic

A

Anerobic

71
Q

Is the Kreb cycle and electron transport chain aerobic or anaerobic

A

Aerobic

72
Q

What is the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2) for college males and females

A

Males 44.6

Females 38

73
Q

True or false

Acetyl CoA needed to start the Kreb cycle

A

True

Exercise Phys (3 decks)

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