Exam 1 Flashcards
(42 cards)
what is physiology
the science of body functions
what is the order for the organization of the body?
Subatomic particles Atoms Molecules Macromolecules Cells Tissue Organs Systems
Subatomic particles include…
Protons (+)
Neutrons (0)
Electrons (-)
What is molecules and what functions can be explained through molecules?
Physiological functions can be explained through the interactions of various molecules
Molecules can be organic (carbon, hydrogen, etc) or inorganic
Macromolecules is…
Large molecule made of many repeated subunits
What are the 4 important polymers (macromolecules)?
carbs (mono,di,poly-saccharides)
lipids (triglycerides, fatty acids, phopholipids)
proteins (amino acids)
nucleic acids (nucleotides)
The cell is the ___ living unit capable of carrying out ______ _______
The cell is the smallest living unit capable of carrying out life functions
What are the four major tissues?
CMEN
(examples of C and M)
Connective tissue (bone, blood, fibroblasts)
Muscular tissue (generate movement and is controlled voluntarily or unvoluntarily [stomach])
Epithelial tissue
Nervous tissue
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining a normal environment
What are two types of homeostasis? Two examples of each.
Negative Feedback - Brings the body back to normal (Blood Pressure or Temperature)
Positive Feedback- When something is doing the right thing and the body says keep dong it (Ovulation or Bleeding)
what is the equation for PH?
ph = log (1/h+)
What is the Henderson-Hasselbach Equation
ph = pK + log (A-)/(HA)
pk always equals 6.1
what does the bicarbonate buffer system do for the body?
provides the body a way to get back to equilibrium.
Equilibrium products and reactants are _____ ______
but the rate at which they are ____ is.
The products and reactants are never equal, but the rate at which they are formed is.
Respiration Acidosis
Holding breath: CO2 increases Goes to the right H+ increases PH decreases
Respiration Alkalosis
Hyperventilation: CO2 decreases Goes to the Left H+ decreases PH increases
Metabolic Acidosis (basically anything else that isn't respiration)
Severe Diarrhea, Kidney Failure, High intensity exercise that produces lactic acid: HCO3 decreases To the right H+ incerases PH decreases
Metabolic Alkalosis
Vomiting, Excessive sodium bicarbonate ingestion: H+ decreases PH increases To the right HCO3 increases
Hydrophobic
- Hates water
* Attracts hydrophobic so a hydrophobic molecule can directly pass through the lipid bilayer of the cell
Hydrophilic
Loves water
Needs assistance
Organelles include…(10)
Nucleus Cytoplasm Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER Golgi Apparatus Lysomes and Peroxisomes Ribosomes Mitochondria Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Genetic blueprint to make any protein
Transmission and expression of genetic information
Nucleolus
Site of rRNA synthesis
Cystoplasm
cytosol
all organelles
everything else that is not in the nucleus
