Exam 1 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Asinocytosis
Variation in cell size
Poikilocytosis
Variation in cell shape
Echinocytes
Cells with evenly spaced and shaped projections
“Crenation”
Most commonly seen on blood films
Storage of blood or abnormal anti-coagulation ratio
Confused with acanthocyte (uneven projections)
SPECIFIC sign of RBC regeneration
Polychromasia, reticulocytes
In which species is it necessary to assess aggregate reticulocytes and punctate reticulocytes?
Cats
What type of anemia best fits an increased reticulocyte count and hypoproteinemia?
Blood loss anemia (losing both RBCs and proteins)
Conditions which may cause immune-mediated hemolytic disease?
Heartworm disease
Lymphoma
Lupus erythematous
Exposure to certain drugs
Schistocytes indicate the presence of
Fragmentation hemolysis
Oxidation of hemoglobin leads to
Heinz body formation
Methemoglbinemia
Eccentrocytes
Eccentrocytes formed when
Lipid membrane is oxidized
Heinz body formation/Heinz body hemolytic anemia occur more readily in what species?
Cats > dogs
Hallmark finding with lead toxicity?
Abberent metarubricytes
(Nucleated RBC without polychromasia)
Also seen: basophilic stippling
Causes of non-regenrative anemias?
Chronic inflammatory diseases:
Kidney, liver, cancer outside of marrow, endocrine
Laboratory features of erythrocytosis
Increased PCV
Increased TP
Hypernatremia, Hyperchloremia
Inc urine specific gravity
Types of erythrocytosis
Relative (most common)
Transient (splenic contraction, stress, etc.)
Absolute (due to primary or secondary diseases)
Erythrocytosis (polycytemia) is defined as
Increase in circulating RBC mass
Consequences of PCV >65%
Hyperviscocity of blood
Poor perfusion/decreased oxygenation
Most appropriate test to determind hemorrhagic potential of patient with vWF deficiency?
In clinic: BMBT
Can send of tests for special assays for vWF
Patient has eaten coumarin-based rodenticide. Which test will show abnormality first?
PT
Coumarine-based rodenticide is vit K antagonist, affecting facotrs 2,7,9,10.
Factor 7 is first and has the shortest half-life
>70% deficiency necessary for test to be prolonged
4 hallmarks of DIC
Thrombocytopenia
Anemia
Schistocytes
Acantocytes
Severe thrombocytopenia most likely due to
Increased platelet destruction
Basophilic stippling is commonly seen in what animals?
Ruminants
Rouleaux vs. Agglutination
Rouleaux- RBCs look like “roll of coins” due to inc. protein/fibrinogen
Agglutination- Grape-like clusters of RBCs due to specific binding of RBCs to antibodies. Indicative of autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Saline test will differentiate– rouleaux will disperse, agglutinated cells won’t
What does increased MCHC indicate?
Nothing, always an artifact.
May be caused by heinz bodies, intravascular hemolysis, lipemia, agglutination
