Exam #1 Flashcards
(39 cards)
What was Jamestown?
English colony founded in 1608 by the Virginia Company on the James River. Named after King James I who had granted the charter for the colony.
Who was Anne Hutchinson?
A New England Puritan who challenged the fundamental tenets of the Puritan faith, most notably predestination.
What was Bunker Hill?
The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought on June 17, 1775. The Massachusetts militia led by Colonel William Prescott occupied the high ground around Boston. The reinforced British forces risked an assault on ridgetops named Breed’s Hill and Bunker Hill. The British suffered a Pyrrhic victory, suffering more than one thousand casualties.
What was the Boston Massacre?
The Boston Massacre was a violent confrontation between an angry mob and a group of British soldiers on March 5, 1770. Someone ordered the soldiers to fire, and five people were killed and six were wounded.
What was the Boston Tea Party?
The Boston Tea Party was a demonstration by the Sons of Liberty on December 16, 1773, to protest the British Parliment’s 1773 Tea Act. Protestors dressed as Indians dumped 342 containers of tea worth $18,000 into the Boston Harbor.
Who was Benjamin Franklin?
Pennsylvanian politician, author, scientist, inventor, and diplomat who helped write the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution, and negotiated the peace treaty with England which ended the Revolutionary War.
Who was Benedict Arnold?
An American general who by the end of the Revolutionary War switched sides and and ended up a British officer. (Just think “ ‘Merican traitor” and you’ve got the right idea).
What was the Battle of Yorktown?
The decisive military engagement that effectively ended the Revolutionary War. The loss of 7000 men to Cornwallis’ men in Yorktown, Virginia was the final blow to the British war effort in North America.
Who was Christopher Columbus?
An Italian sailor who accidentally “discovered” America when he was heading west to find a new water route to Asia and the East Indies.
What was the Battles of Cowpens and Guilford Courthouse?
Respectively fought on January 17th and March 15th, 1781, the Americans won strong victories that effectively ended British attempts to seize control of North and South Carolina.
Who was John Eliot?
John Eliot was a Puritan missionary to American Indians
Who was George Whitefield?
Evangelical English disciple of Methodism founder John Wesley who traveled to the colonies to preach a similar message to Jonathan Edwards - that the ability to be saved was a individual choice (free will) and not predestined by God.
What was the Stono Rebellion?
The Stono Rebellion was a major slave insurrection among South Carolinian slaves assisted by the Spanish promise of arms and sanctuary against the colonies’ rice planting elite. Rebellion was crushed, but henceforth rice planters enforced strict slave codes.
Who was Baron Von Steuben?
Steuben was a Prussian officer hired by the Continental Army who whipped the Americans into shape, professionalizing the soldiers under Washington. He taught them European drills, precision marching, and discipline during the bitter winter in 1778 at Valley Forge. He also wrote a comprehensive set of training instructions and standard regulations, which was published by Congress in 1779 and served as the US Army’s official manual until 1812.
Who was Captain John Smith?
The Disney prince from Pocahontas, right? WRONG.
Captain John Smith was one of the 104 original Jamestown survivors who, upon taking charge, imposed a harsh work regimen for the sake of survival. Had he not succeeded, there would have not been a set of English colonies who eventually become the United States of America.
Who was Sir Walter Raleigh?
English explorer who attempted to settle North America on Roanoke Island, North Carolina.
What was Roanoke Island?
The Roanoke Colony was a failed attempt to settle North Carolina by Sir Walter Raleigh on behalf of the British Empire.
Who were the Puritans?
The Puritans were a religious group who immigrated from England to North America in the 17th century. Founders of Plymouth Colony. Held the first Thanksgiving, a feast held to thank God for the abundant crops and friends (Squanto and other Indians) He had given them.
What is predestination?
Predestination is the Calvinistic tenet that God has predestined every soul for either eternal salvation or damnation, and there is nothing one can do to change His mind.
What were privateers?
Private ship owners who were given letters of marque, basically permission to act with the authority of the British Navy and attack enemy ships.
What were letters of marque?
Letters of Marque were letters of permission from the British Navy granting privateers full naval captains’ rights as a naval vessel.
(Remember Barbossa in Pirates of the Caribbean 4? He signed on as a privateer, remember? And Jack was like “seriously, dude?” 99.99% sure that’s how it went down)
Who was Thomas Paine?
Pamphleteer, author of Common Sense, advocate of the American Revolution and supporter of the French Revolution.
What were the Coercive Acts?
The Coercive Acts, aka the Intolerable Acts, were a series of harsh laws passed in 1774 by Parliament in response to the Boston Tea Party. These measures included shutting down Boston Harbor, rewriting the Massachusetts Bay Colony charter to expand the royal governor’s powers, limit town meetings to once a year, and moved royal official’s trials to England.
What was the Headright system?
Wanting to attract settlers to Jamestown, the Virginia Company offered 50-acre land grants to newcomers. Two headrights were granted to those already living in the colony who agreed to grow tobacco instead of other crops.
