Exam 1 Flashcards
Constituent Assembly
January 1918 (after October Revolution) Petrograd Body of rep. that meet for teh purpose of drafting/adopting a constitution Put Soviets in power, when it was dissolved by the Bolsheviks/Left SRs into the Third All Russian Congress of Soviets
July Days
July 3 - 7, 1917
Petrograd
Soldiers and workers took spontaneous arms against the Provisional Government, supported by the Bolsheviks (all power to the Soviets)
Temporary decline in Bolshevik power and influence (caused Lenin to go into hiding and other leaders to be arrested) - showed military fervor of Petrograd population
Kornilov Affair
August 1917
Attempted coup d’etat by Commander in Chief Kornilov against Kerensky’s Provisional Government
Bolsheviks released from prison to fight Kornilov’s troops –> Bolshevik support and dissatisfaction with Kerensky (during 1917 Revolution his appeals to the military were ignored)
Mir
Imperial Russia
Peasant communes where land ownership was divided communally
Early seeds of socialism
War Communism
1918 - 1921 during Russian Civil War
Economic and political system adopted by the Bolshevikks to keep the villages/Red Army stocked with food and weapons (workers discipline, food rationing, etc)
Precursor to NEP, helped aid the Red Army in stopping the White Army and regaining territory
October Manifesto
October 30, 1905
Document issued by Tsar Nicholas II as a response to Russian Revolution that promised basic civil rights and the Duma
Precursor to first Constitution and created the Duma (Russia’s legislative body to limit the power of the tsar) - temporarily ended violence
Crimean War
October 1853 - March 1856
Crimean Peninsula
Military conflict between Russia and Allied Powers after Russia tried to gain territory after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire
Created Treaty of Paris
Kronstadt Rebellion
March 1921
Kronstadt, naval fortress in Gulf of Finland (base of Russian Baltic fleet)
Unsuccessful uprising against Bolsheviks by sailors, soldiers, civilians
Led to Lenin’s decision to implement NEP
Order Number 1
March 1917
First official decree of Worker’s Petrograd Soviet - told soldiers and sailors only to obey their officers/PG if these orders didn’t contradict PS
Undermined military discipline and crippled the war effort
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
March 1918
Treaty between Soviet Union and Central Powers
Ended WWI, massive annexation of territory/people from Russia, creating the Baltic States of Lithuania/Latvia/Estonia/Ukraine/Poland
Revolutionary Defensism
1917
Provisional Government policy justifying the war - stay in war, defend the Revolution, negotiate peace, non-annexationist
April Crisis
NEP
1921
10th Party Congress
Market socialism, mixed economy, state private sector
Ended War Communism, increased agricultural production (farmers could sell surplus), created economic recovery after WWI
Workers Opposition
1920
Faction of Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party as a response to excess of bureaucracy in Russia
Some proposals adopted by Russian Communist Party (party purge, improved workers’ living conditions, unionization of workers)
Left SRs
1917 = split, active during Civil War
Half of Russian Socialist Revolutionary Party that supported the Bolsheviks
Helped Bolshevik activities during the October Revolution
Why did the Communists win the Civil War?
The Bolsheviks (Red Army) were more organized than the White Army (coalition of different armies that were spread out) Trotsky = brilliant war leader, could defeat factions of White Army one at a time War Communism aided them against WA
