Exam 1 Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
What 6 questions about parasites are Veterinarians asked by their clients?
A
- What is it?
- How can you tell my animal has it?
- Where did it come from? How did my animal become infected/infested?
- What harm does it cause?
- How can it be gotten rid of? How can it be prevented? Controlled?
- Will it infect people?
2
Q
type of host that a parasite is (in/on) in which the parasite can develop
A
host spectrum
3
Q
its called _____ when a host can develop completely in one host
A
host specific
4
Q
its called ___ when a parasite can develop in several different hosts
A
broad host spectrum
5
Q
True or false?
A parasite may require 1 or more hosts for development or may utilise a host (ex. insect) simply for transmission between hosts.
A
True
6
Q
_______ is the term used when endoparasites, such as helminths and protozoa, infect the host internally
A
Infection
7
Q
_______ is the term used when ectoparasites, such as acari and insects, attach to or occupy the host
A
Infestation
8
Q
______ is the preferred site in or on the host, which is characteristic for a parasite species
A
Predilection site
9
Q
______ is the site in or on a host which is not a normal location for a parasite.
A
Aberrant site
10
Q
______ is is the mechanism of how a disease develops
A
Pathogenisis
11
Q
Pathogenisis includes chronological changes that give rise to gross changes and clinical signs in which (3) host structures?
A
- cells
- organs
- tissues
12
Q
________ are the differences found in tissues of an animal from what is normal, and are observed by eye or microscopically.
A
Lesions
13
Q
Lesions seen with your eyes
A
gross lesions
14
Q
Lesions seen with microsopy
A
microscopic lesions
15
Q
these are somewhat similar to bacterial or viral infections; the host is infected, and in most cases, species, or strain-specific, immunity develops, the parasite is eliminated, and the host is protected against a subsequent infection,
A
self limiting infections
16
Q
the infection may be long standing, sometimes for years
A
chronic infection
17
Q
True or false?
The pathogenesis of a parasite does not directly relate to the importance of a parasite and the need (or not) to treat for the parasite
A
false
(does directly relate)
18
Q
True or false?
The clinical signs associated with disease may be a result of both the parasite and the host response to it
A
True
19
Q
Describe helminth diagnosis techniques
A
- presence of adults, developing stages, eggs, or larvae in feces, blood, or urine remains the most common
- Serology (ELISA)
20
Q
Describe protozoa diagnostic techniques
A
examination of
- fecal samples
- blood
- skin
- muscle
- other tissues
21
Q
Ectoparasite diagnostic techniques dependent on?
A
- the collection and identification of the parasite(s)
- stages concerned
22
Q
PPP
A
Prepatent period
time from infection to when eggs, cysts, or larvae appear in body fluids of, or excretions from, the difinitive host
23
Q
What type of parasite does this “spaghetti” remind you of?
A
Nematodes
24
Q
What type of parasite is this?
A
Nematode
25
What are the major parts of the nematode?
26
Classify the parasite name?
Ancylostoma caninum
27
Classify the type of nematode?
Large Strongyles
28
What type of nematode is this and what is the arrow pointing to?
Strongyloides papillosus
arrow pointing to the esophogus (1/3 of parasite body length)
29
This "y" representation is common with _____ nematodes?
Mammomonogamus spp
30
What is this type of nematode and what is this structure?
Haemonchus contortus: bursa of male
31
What is the common name of the nematode in this picture?
Hookworm
32
What type of nematode is this?
Name the structures in this cross section
Cross-section through Ascaris
d. n. Dorsal nerve
n. c. non-contractile portion of muscle cells
c. Cuticle
e. Epidermis
l. l. lateral line
e. v. excretory vessel
m. contractile portion of muscle cells
v. n. ventral nerve
ov. Ovary ut. Uterus g. gut
33
What is this?
Heartworm adults
34
What is this?
Heartworm in blood slide
35
Hwat type of nematode is this?
Toxocara cati: “arrow” head
36
What type of nematode is this?
Large strongyle
37
Name the type of nematode and the important structure to notice
Haemonchus contortus: female vulva
38
What type of nematode egg is A?
Nematodirus
39
What type of nematode egg is B?
Trichostrongyloid
40
What stages are found in animal/environment/feces?
Animal: L3, L4, L5, adult, egg
Feces: egg
Environment: L1, L2, L3
41
What type of life cycle is this and what stage is infective?
Direct: Infective third-stage larva (L3)
42
What stages of this parasite are found in the final host/mosquito?
Animal: L3, L4, L5, adult, L1 (mff)
Mosquito: L1, L2, L3
43
What type of life cycle is this and what is the infective stage?
Direct: Infective third-stage larva (L3)
44
What type of lifecycle is this and what is the infective stage(s)?
Direct: Infective egg with a larva (L1 or L2 or L3; depending on the species)
45
What type of life cycle is this and what is the infective stage?
Indirect: Infective third-stage larva (L3)
Indirect: Adult-egg-L1-L2-L3-L4-L5
46
-iasis = parasite is\_\_\_\_\_
present
47
-osis = _____ is caused by parasite
disease
48
What category of parasite is this representing?
Nematode
49
What type of life cycle is this representing?
direct
50
What is the common name of these?
hookworm
51
What is the superfamily of the egg labeled A?
Ancylostomatoidea
52
Which is a more accurate sample to be used for diagnostics?
fresh sample
53
What type of nematodes are these examples of?
Ancylostomatoidea
54
Which one is the male and which is the female?
male left and female right
55
What is the name of this parasite and its gender?
Ancylostoma caninum (male)
56
What type of egg is this?
Ancylostoma caninum
57
What is this parasite?
Ancylostoma caninum
58
What nematode made this damage to small intestine?
Ancylostoma caninum
59
What types of little wormies are these pointing to?
Ancylostoma caninum
60
What are pale mucus membranes a clinical sign of?
Ancylostoma caninum
61
What is this picture representing?
Cutaneous larva migrans: hookworm
62
What is this picture representing?
Cutaneous larva migrans: hookworm
63
The left picture is an example of ____ while the right is an example \_\_\_\_. (diff types of mouth parts)
Hookworms: teeth vs cutting plate
64
What is the common name of these eggs?
hookworm
65
Fecal flotation on a 4-year-old intact male cat reveals this parasite ova. What clinical disease is this parasite most commonly associated with?
anemia
66
What superfamily of nematode are these?
Strongyloidea
67
What are the red worms?
Strongylus vulgaris
68
What are the common names of these worms?
Small and large Strongyles
69
What is the common name of the parasite with these egg types?
Large Strongyles
70
What is the common name of these nematodes?
Large Strongyles
71
What Large Strongyles species is this?
S. vulgaris
72
What Large Strongyles species is this?
S. edentatus
73
What Large Strongyles species is this?
S. equinus
74
This is an example of damage from which nematode?
Strongylus vulgaris
75
This is an example of damage from which nematode?
Strongylus vulgaris
76
Which nematode is causing this damage?
Strongylus edentatus
77
What host species are these colon samples both found in?
horse
78
What nematode is this?
Cyathostomins
79
What nematode is this sample of?
Cyathostomins
80
What nematode caused the damage seen in this sample?
Cyathostomins
81
What stage and species caused the damage seen in this sample?
Larval cyathostominosis
82
What type of nematode exhibits these type of eggs?
Oesophagostomum spp.
83
What type of nematode can exhibit this type of tisse damage?
Oesophagostomum spp
84
What adult nematodes in trachea or lungs of birds with the "y" configuation?
Syngamus trachea
85
What adult nematodes in trachea or lungs of birds with the "y" configuation?
Syngamus trachea
86
What type of nematode exhibits this type of egg?
Syngamus trachea
87
What type of nematode exhibits this type of egg?
Syngamus trachea
88
True or false?
These samples were recovered from a cow's abomasum?
true
89
What type of life cycle does this represent?
direct
90
What superfamily of nematode makes eggs like this?
Trichstrongyloidea
91
What superfamily of nematodes do you worry about in this dew in a pasture?
Trichstrongyloidea
92
What type of life cycle is this and what is the infective stage?
direct and infective L3
93
This is a stomach sample from a cow. What nematode is this and what stage is it in.
ostertagia ostertagi arrested larva (L4) in a gastric gland
94
What nematode is this?
ostertagia ostertagi
95
“Moroccan leather” Characteristic lesions of \_\_\_\_\_
Ostertagia ostertagi
96
Characteristic lesions of \_\_\_\_\_\_
Ostertagia ostertagi
97
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is emerging from a gastric gland of a cow
Ostertagia ostertagi
98
Bottlejaw cattle is a symptom of \_\_\_\_\_\_
Ostertagia ostertagi
99
These lesions in a sheep stomach sample are results of \_\_\_\_\_\_
Teladorsagia circumcincta
100
This is a _______ egg
Hyostrongylus spp.
101
gross lesions (nodules) in the pig stomach is a result of _____ infection
Hyostrongylus spp.
102
What type of nematode is found in this sample from a sheep abomasum?
Haemonchus contortus
103
What is the common name of Haemonchus contortus
barber pole worm
104
What creates the barber pole effect seen in Haemonchus contortus?
The white is the uterus of the worm wound around the intestines
105
This is an example of a sheep infected with \_\_\_\_\_\_
Haemonchus contortus
106
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a bloodsucking worm which can lead to host anemia. This is a sample taken from a sheep abomasum
Haemonchus contortus
107
\_\_\_\_\_\_ causes bottlejaw in small ruminants
Haemonchus contortus
108
This chart represents the pattern seen with fecal egg counts in what parasite?
Trichostrongyle fecal egg counts
109
Name the nematode and its gender
Cooperia spp. and female
110
This egg (approx. 90 x 40 um) was seen in the feces of a 2 year old cow. Which parasites can it represent in this animal?
Ostertagia sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Cooperia sp.
111
This represents the life cycle of \_\_\_\_\_
Dictyocaulus spp.
112
This is a slide of ____ found in cattle.
Dictyocaulus spp.
113
This is an example of the damage inflicted by \_\_\_\_\_\_
Dictyocaulus spp.
114
These Pneumonic lesions of parasitic bronchitis are a result of \_\_\_\_\_
Dictyocaulus spp.
115
This is an isolated _____ egg
Nematodirus spp
116
What nematode egg is labled with the letter N in this photo?
Nematodirus spp
117
Describe the "five points" of FAMACHA
118
Eggs of the types below were seen in the feces of a 2 year old sheep with diarrhea on pasture mid-summer. Which parasite(s) is highest on your differentials?
Teladorsagia sp.
119
This is an L1 _____ with a "kinked" tail used to diagnose this nematode
Metastrongyloidea
120
The adult ____ is straight unlike the "kinked" tail in the L1
Metastrongyloidea
121
This is an example of a ______ infection in lung tissue
Muellerius spp.
122
Example of ____ kinked tail
Muellerius spp.
123
This egg is an example of ______ (lungworm of pigs)
Metastrongylus spp.
124
What is the name of the nematode with this life cycle and what is its common name?
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
125
If you get a picture of this cat from a client with a cat that has a mild chronic cold what should you be worried about?
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
126
This life cycle represents a nematode that effects dogs and wild carnivores. Name the parasite, the common names, and the type of cycle
Filaroides (Oslerus) osleri
French heartworm, tracheal worms (lung worms)
direct
127
These Nodules in trachea and bronchi are due to the L1's with the kinked tails. What parasite is this?
Filaroides (Oslerus) osleri
128
Name this fecal diagnostic technique
Baerman fecal float
129
Name that nematode!
Ascaris suum, adult male and female
130
Name that Ascarid!
Parascaris equorum
131
Name that nematode (type)
Ascarids
132
Name that nematode egg type
Ascarids
133
Ascarids have what type of life cycle?
direct
134
Name the hatching nematode!
ascarids
135
This is a necropsy of a ruptured horse small intestine. Name the nematode!
Parascaris equorum
136
Litter of puppies comes in. one passes away and you perform a necropsy and find this. The puppies are pot-bellied what nematode do you suspect?
Toxocara canis
137
Name the nematode!
toxocara canis
138
A client brought in these nematodes after his 6-year-old spayed female indoor/outdoor cat vomited them onto the kitchen floor this morning. How did the cat most likely become infected?
ingestion of larvated egg from the environment
139
Necropsy of a 5 week old puppy. Name the nematode
toxocara canis
140
Eggs found in a fecal of a litter of puppies. Name the nematode!
toxocara canis
141
Necropsy of a young pup. Name the nematode!
Toxocara canis
142
Name the nematode and the type of cycle!
toxocara cati
143
This mama cat is indoor and outdoor and she just gave birth to kittens who are now nursing. The client brings in a picture of the cat post-hunt. What should you test the kittens for?
toxocara cati
144
These eggs are evident of a toxicara and (arrow) _____ co-infection
Toxascaris leonina
145
A fecal float comes through from a [cat/dog] the round egg is a _____ egg whereas the oval egg is a ____ egg
Toxocara spp. and Toxascaris leonina
146
LOLOL WE ARE GONNA MAKE IT MAYBE
147
You recover this L1 in a Baerman test. The L1 has a S shaped tailand the sample is from a cat. Name the nematode
Aelurostrongylus (lung worm of cat)
148
Name the nematode?
trychostongyloid egg and posterior end of female nematodirus spp.
149
This is an adult _____ and the resulting nodules.
Oesophagostomum spp.
150
you know you want to
