exam 1.

Question 1

empirical methods.

Answer 1

approaches to inquiry using measurements and observation.

Question 2

ethics.

Answer 2

guidelines for the protection of research participants and maintain research integrity.

Question 3

hypothesis.

Answer 3

a idea/question that can be tested.

Question 4

theories.

Answer 4

closely related phenomenon or observations.

Question 5

behaviorism.

Answer 5

the study of behavior.

Question 6

cognitive psychology.

Answer 6

the study of mental processes.

Question 7

consciousness.

Answer 7

awareness of self and the environment.

Question 8

empiricism.

Answer 8

the belief that knowledge comes from experience.

Question 9

eugenics.

Answer 9

the practice of selective breeding for desired traits.

Question 10

flashbulb memory.

Answer 10

a detailed and vivid memory with emotional significance.

Question 11

functionalism.

Answer 11

the system that focuses on the utility of consciousness.

Question 12

gestalt psychology.

Answer 12

the perspective in studying the unity of experience.

‘the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.’

Question 13

introspection.

Answer 13

the method of focusing on internal processes.

popularized by willhem wundt; participants made self-reports of their reactions/experience to stimuli.

Question 14

neural impulse.

Answer 14

an electro-chemical signal utilized my neurons.

Question 15

practitioner-scholar model.

Answer 15

the model of training pro psychologist in clinical practice.

Question 16

psychophysics.

Answer 16

the study of the relationship between physical reality and mental reality.

or…

physical stimuli and perception.

Question 17

realism.

Answer 17

the belief that emphasizes the senses as a way to understand the external world.

Question 18

scientist/practitioner model.

Answer 18

the model of training pro psychologist in both research and clinical skills.

Question 19

structuralism.

Answer 19

the system that focuses on describing the elements of conscious experience.

Question 20

the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

Answer 20

the inability to say a word despite having the sensation to do so.

Question 21

confounds.

Answer 21

factors that undermine the accuracy of making inferences.

Question 22

correlation.

Answer 22

measures the association between two factors. NOT causation.

Question 23

dependent variable.

Answer 23

the measured variable in an experiment.

Question 24

experimenter expectation.

Answer 24

when the experimenters expectations influence the outcome.

Question 25

independent variable.

Answer 25

the manipulated variable in an experiment.

Question 26

longitudinal study.

Answer 26

a study that follows the same group over time.

Question 27

operational definitions.

Answer 27

how researchers measure a concept.

Question 28

participant demand.

Answer 28

when participant behave in a way the researchers wants them to behave.

Question 29

placebo effect.

Answer 29

a sense of influence despite NOT receiving an actual 'treatment'.

Question 30

quasi-experimental design.

Answer 30

an experiment that does not require random assignment.

Question 31

random assignment.

Answer 31

assigning participants to different conditions by chance.

Question 32

ambulatory assessment.

Answer 32

an umbrella term to describe methods of assessing behavior, physiology, experience, and environments of humans in natural settings.

Question 33

daily diary method.

Answer 33

completing a questionnaire of thoughts, feelings, and behavior at the end of the day.

Question 34

day reconstruction method.

Answer 34

describing experience and behavior upon a 'systematic reconstruction' the following day.

Question 35

ecological momentary assessment.

Answer 35

an umbrella term that repeatedly samples participants experiences, behavior and physiology in real time.

Question 36

ecological study.

Answer 36

the degree to which conditions in a study are typical of everyday life.

Question 37

electronically activated recorder, EAR.

Answer 37

the method where participants wear an audio recorder that records snippets of ambient sounds around them.

Question 38

experience-sampling method.

Answer 38

the report of thoughts, feelings, and behavior at different points of time over the course of a day.

Question 39

external validity.

Answer 39

the degree to which a finding generalizes— from a specific sample and context of study, to some larger population and broader settings.

Question 40

full-cycle psychology.

Answer 40

the scientific approach that begins with observational field study, followed by laboratory experimentation to verify effects and isolate mechanisms, then back to field research to corroborate the findings.

Question 41

generalize.

Answer 41

to make broad conclusions based on a smaller sample of observations.

Question 42

internal validity.

Answer 42

the degree to which a cause-effect relationship between two variables has been ambiguously established.

Question 43

linguistic inquiry and word count.

Answer 43

the method of text analysis that extracts grammatical and psychological info by counting word frequencies.

Question 44

lived day analysis.

Answer 44

the method of observation that follows an individual with a video camera to objectively document daily life.

Question 45

white coat hypertension.

Answer 45

the phenomenon where participants experience elevated blood pressure in the hospital/lab but not in every day life.

Question 46

conceptual replication.

Answer 46

the scientific attempt to replicate studies under different conditions (samples, times, situations). same results indicate that findings are generalizable.

Question 47

confederate.

Answer 47

an actor working with researchers i deceive unsuspecting participants. aka a stooge.

Question 48

exact/direct replication.

Answer 48

the scientific attempt to exactly copy an earlier study to determine consistency and accuracy of findings.

Question 49

priming.

Answer 49

the process of exposure to a stimulus to make thoughts, feelings, or behavior more salient.

Question 50

sample size.

Answer 50

the number of participants in a study.

Question 51

hindsight bias.

Answer 51

the 'i told you so' phenomenon.

Question 52

overconfidence bias.

Answer 52

a bias in estimating things. ex, time estimates.

Question 53

psuedo-psychology.

Answer 53

false/popular psychology that focuses on wants/cravings. characterized by simplified observation and un-based scientific evidence. usually associated with marketing and advertisements.