Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIO126 > exam #1 > Flashcards

exam #1 Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

NEURON NET THEORY –OR RETICULAR???–(who and what)

A

Golgi….neurons are interconnected to form a web where information travels from cell to cell unimpeded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

PHRENOLOGY (who and what)

A

Gall…..division of function in the brain is complete and nonadaptable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MATERIALISM (who and what)

A

Darwin……mental life arises from physical processes and is subject to evolutionary processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

NEURON THEORY (who and what)

A

Ramon y Cajal….neurons communicate with one another via a small juncture between cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CEPHALOCENTRIC VIEWPOINT (who and what)

A

Plato….brain is the source of the psyche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DUALISM (who and what)

A

Descartes….mind and body are separate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CARDIOCENTRIC VIEWPOINT (who and what)

A

Aristotle……heart is the source of the psyche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how does Darwin’s theory of natural selection explain the evolution of species?

A

animals with the traits best suited for survival and reproduction pass down those traits to their offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

name the nervous systems from simplest to most sophistocated

A

nerve net, nerve trunk, ganglia, brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

explain the nerve net

A

Contains only basic connection of sensory to motor neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

explain nerve trunk

A

bilateral, symmetrical, segmented (flatworm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

explain ganglia

A

cluster of neurons with some encephalization (squid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

explain brain

A

true brain with spinal chord…..specific to chordates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the cortex (cerebrum)

A

sensation & perception, movement, higher-order processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the cerebellum

A

coordination, learning, and movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the human brain’s EQ?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is an encephalization quotient?

A

how big ur brain is relative to body size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does climate change do?

A

make our brains become bigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the basic function of a neuron?

A

to send and receive messages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the cell membrane is bi-layered with what?

A

hydrophilic phosphate heads & hydrophobic lipid tails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

diffusion

A

passive….no doors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ion channels

A

passive……open doors. proteins in the membrane create a channel for ions to move through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

gated ion channels

A

passive…….locked doors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ion pumps

A

active……revolving doors….pumps the ion in and out of the cell against their concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
input zone?
dendrite and cell body
26
conduction zone?
axon
27
output zone?
axon terminal
28
morphological variations of neurons?
multipolar, bipolar, unipolar
29
multipolar neurons
one axon, many dendrites
30
bipolar neurons
one axon, one dendrite
31
unipolar neurons
one branch going in two directions
32
Functional Variations in Neurons?
sensory nuerons, motor neurons, interneurons
33
sensory neurons
receive inputs
34
motor neurons
sends outputs
35
interneurons
bridges between sensory and motor neurons
36
4 types of glia cells?
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, schwann cells, microglia
37
astrocytes
blood-brain barrier, structural/nutritional support
38
oligodendrocytes
makes myelin in the central nervous system, myelinates many axons (about 15 at once)
39
schwann cells
makes myelin in the peripheral nervous system, myelinates one axon SEGMENT, involved in regrowth after injury
40
microglia
immune cells of the brain, clean-up
41
resting potential of a neuron?
-70mV
42
hyperpolarization
cell becomes more negative.... Cl- flowing into the cell
43
depolarization
cell becomes more positive..... Na+ flowing into the cell
44
the threshold of exitation
Change in voltage at hillock (depolarization) Change opens voltage-gated Na+ channels Change is around 5mV -70mV to -65 mV
45
passive conduction
Unmyelinated axon Relatively slow Energy consuming.....Need to have channels and pumps all along the axon
46
saltatory conduction
Myelinated axon Relatively fast Efficient......Only need channels and pumps at the nodes
47
goal of pre-synaptic cell?
get neurotransmitter into the synaptic gap
48
goal of post-synaptic cell?
cause a "yes" or "no" signal
49
EPSP
- Yeses’: Depolarization | - Na+ coming in
50
IPSP
- ‘Noes’: Hyperpolarizations | - Cl- coming in or K+ going out
51
post-synaptic cell has 2 types of receptors?
ionotropic, metabotropic
52
ionotropic receptor
- When neurotransmitter ‘binds’, the receptor opens | - Ligand-gated ion channels
53
metabotropic receptor
When neurotransmitter binds, another protein in the cell is ‘turned on'
54
spacial summation
how physically close are the two signals?
55
temporal summation
how close in time are the two signals?
56
how are NDMA receptors unique?
How they OPEN Both voltage- and ligand-gated voltage: needs depolarization to open ligand: needs glutamate binding to open How they RESPOND Allows both Na+ and Ca2+ to enter Na+ enters: EPSP Ca2+ enters: causes long-term changes in the cell
57
glutamate
Major excitatory neurotransmitter Binding results in an EPSP Ionotropic receptors Typical receptors NMDA receptors
58
GABA
Major inhibitory neurotransmitter Binding results in an IPSP Has both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors
59
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Neurotransmitter of the neuromuscular junction In the peripheral nervous system (PNS) Role in learning and memory Loss of ACh in the basal forebrain is associated with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia
60
dopamine (DA)
Involved in movement (Basal Ganglia) Loss of DA in Parkinson’s disease is associated with movement dysfunction Reward and pleasure (Limbic System) Increased DA is associated with addiction Planning and Cognition (Cortex) Increased DA is associated with schizophrenia
61
Norepinephrine (NE)
Involved in arousal and vigilance Involved in emotion Increases in NE associated with the stress response Decreases in NE associated with depression
62
Serotonin (5-HT)
Involved in sleep, appetite, sexual function, and mood | Decreased 5-HT is associated with anxiety and depression
63
agonist
ENHANCE the activity of a neurotransmitter
64
antagonist
REDUCE the activity of a neurotransmitter
65
how does botox work at the synapse?
decreased ACh at the neuromuscular junction

BIO126 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions